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Carbon Capture and Removal

Address difficult-to-eliminate emissions through policies governing carbon capture, utilization and storage, carbon removal, and the responsible deployment of these technologies.

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247 resources

Resource Foreign

IEA report, Retrofitting CO2 Capture to Existing Power Plants

IEA’s 2011 report surveys post-combustion retrofits on both coal and NGCC plants, using an economic model to assess the value proposition for different technology types.
Example States and State Governments

Mississippi Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2011, SB 2723 authorized the Mississippi Oil and Gas Board to approve the use of reservoirs for injection and storage of CO2 provided that a majority interest in the reservoir has provided its writ...
Resource Congress

Report, Global Tree Cover and Biomass Carbon on Agricultural Land

Zomer et al.’s 2016 report in Nature examines the contributions of agroforestry to global and national carbon budgets.
Example States and State Governments

Maine Nutrient Management Act

Maine’s Nutrient Management Act bans winter manure spreading from December 1st through March 15th, which reduces aeration of nitrous oxide.
Example States and State Governments

North Dakota liability release regulation

North Dakota has established a trust fund, funded by a fee on each ton of sequestered carbon dioxide, that pays for long-term monitoring and maintenance of transferred carbon dioxide. Ten years after ...
Example States and State Governments

Kansas Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2007, HB 2419 defined a “carbon dioxide injection well,” as a well where carbon dioxide is injected for either enhanced hydrocarbon recovery or geologic storage. The bill directed the Kansas Corpor...
Example States and State Governments

Kansas Tax Incentives for CCS

Kansas Stat. Ann. 79-32,256 entitles a taxpayer to a deduction from Kansas adjusted gross income with respect to the amortization of the amortizable costs of carbon dioxide capture, sequestration or u...
Example States and State Governments

Chesapeake Bay Watershed Implementation Plans

Six Chesapeake Bay Watershed jurisdictions – Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, and the District of Columbia – are part of a federal-state initiative to develop and i...
Resource Congress

Proposed Agriculture Resilience Act (2020)

The proposed Agriculture Resilience Act of 2020 would set a target of reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in U.S. agriculture by the year 2040. It would pursue this target by: Increasing Resear...
Resource Foreign

Model Law on Favoring Green Infrastructure in Planning Commission Reviews

One important influence on the adoption of green development is the required permission of various planning commissions. The Chancery Lane Project, a collaborative effort of UK lawyers to develop new ...
Example States and State Governments

Maryland Nutrient Management Law

Maryland’s Nutrient Management Law requires all farmers using chemical fertilizer or manure to have a nutrient management plan for nitrogen. Fertilizer may not be applied to frozen ground, which reduc...
Example States and State Governments

Washington’s Sustainable Farms and Fields Grant Program

Washignton’s SB 5947 (2019) established the state’s sustainable farms and fields grant program, which will “provide financial assistance to voluntary farmers and ranchers who adopt practices that redu...
Example States and State Governments

RGGI Forest Offset Projects and Biomass Exemption

The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a carbon cap-and-trade program amongst Northeastern states, has established offset credits Afforestation and Forestry. Allowances are awarded based on the addit...
Example States and State Governments

South Dakota Rules Regarding Carbon Dioxide Pipelines

In 2009, HB 1129 authorized the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission to regulate the integrity of CO2 pipelines used for transporting CO2 for enhanced oil recovery or geologic sequestration.
Resource Congress

Congressional Research Service Report, CO2 Pipelines for Carbon Sequestration

The Congressional Research Service’s 2008 report surveyed potential future CCS scenarios associated with decarbonizing the electric sector and determined that a dedicated interstate pipeline network w...
Example Executive Branch

Conservation Stewardship Program

The CSP pays farmers to improve, maintain, or adopt conservation practices on their farms. Farmers are paid annually under a five-year contract with the option to renew for an additional five years if...
Resource Foreign

Accelerating the Uptake of CCS: Industrial Use of Captured Carbon Dioxide

The Global CCS Institute’s 2011 report, on industrial use of captured CO2 investigates existing and emerging uses of CO2 and reviews the potential to capture and reuse CO2 for industrial applications ...
Example Executive Branch

CarbonSAFE Initiative

The CarbonSAFE Initiative made awards in two phases. In Phase I, $15 million went to assess the pre-feasibility of sequestration projects. In Phase II, three projects in Illinois, North Dakota, and Mi...
Example Congress

American Reinvestment and Recovery Act CCS funding

The 2009 American Reinvestment and Recovery Act included $800 million for CCS technology for coal-fired plants, $1.52 billion for industrial CCS projects, and $1 billion for a stand-alone integrated p...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage in the Louisiana Chemical Corridor

This study identifies industrial CCS as a potential source of negative emissions in Louisiana, with the right policy changes. In Louisiana, industrial carbon emissions, driven primarily by refining an...
Resource States and State Governments

California’s Proposed Deforestation-Free Procurement Act

This 2019 proposed bill, called the California Deforestation-Free Procurement Act, or AB 572, would require companies that contract with the state to certify that their products do not cause the cutti...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Executive Order: CCS Energy Purchase Policies for State and Local Government

This Model Executive Order identifies overarching environmental goals and some of the benefits that would result from (i) state agencies purchasing a minimum amount of CCS energy for use in buildings,...
Resource States and State Governments

Carbon Sequestration Tool for Timber Harvesting Plans

The University of California Forest Research and Outreach Program has designed a Carbon Sequestration Tool for timber harvesting plans. It provides estimates of total carbon sequestration benefits for...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals from Forest Land, Woodlands, and Urban Trees in the United States, 1990-2018

USDA Forest Service’s 2020 report delivers an overview of the status and trends of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands, hardwood products, and urban trees nationally for ...
Example States and State Governments

Nebraska’s LB 243 (2019)

Nebraska’s LB 243 created a Healthy Soils Task Force within the Department of Agriculture, made up of representatives from government, academia, production agriculture, agribusiness, and environmental...
Resource Local Governments

Report, Conservation Easements and Climate Change

Aaronson and Manuel’s 2008 report notes how the current law of conservation easements does not recognize the full potential for carbon capture resulting from land conservation, in part because the tax...
Resource Congress

The Inflation Reduction Act

New: The Sabin Center for Climate Change Law and Environmental Defense Fund are announcing the launch of an additional resource on the Inflation Reduction Act Tracker website: the IRA litigation case ...
Example Private Entities

Forest Stewardship Council Certification

The Forest Stewardship Council is an international forest certification entity. It has certified more than 35 million acres of land in the US, including private, state, and federal forests.
Resource Local Governments

Boston’s Urban Forests Plan

In September 2022, Boston published an urban forests plan that stipulates tripling the number of city employees focused on trees, from 5 to 16 people, and creating a new forestry office in an effort t...
Resource Congress

Proposed Wildfire Disaster Funding Act

The proposed Wildfire Disaster Funding Act would shift where the funds to fight wildfires would be taken from. Rather than coming from agency funds dedicated to forest management, under the Act, fight...
Resource Congress

Report, An Introduction to Conservation Easements in the United States: A Simple Concept and Complicated Mosaic of Law

Cheever and McLaughlin’s 2015 article surveys the complex body of state and federal law that shapes the creation, funding, tax treatment, enforcement, modification, and termination of conservation eas...
Resource Congress

Carbon Capture Coalition Federal Policy Blueprint

The Carbon Capture Coalition’s 2019 Federal Policy Blueprint makes recommendations for expanding the federal portfolio of CCS R&D projects.
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Grant: Conservation Easement with Declaration of Covenants

This Model Grant of Conservation Easement and Declaration of Covenants was developed by the Pennsylvania Land Trust Association, and adapted by our team to enhance terms that promote biologic carbon s...
Example States and State Governments

Illinois’ SAFE CCS Act

Passed in July 2024, Illinois’ Safety and Aid for the Environment in Carbon Capture and Sequestration Act establishes regulations on carbon capture and storage, and places a two year moratorium on car...
Example States and State Governments

Louisiana Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2008, HB 1117 established procedures for the use of underground reservoirs for storage of CO2, including requiring a public hearing. In 2009, HB 661 further authorized parties injecting CO2 for geo...
Resource Executive Branch

Report, Accelerating Breakthrough Innovation in Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

DOE’s 2017 report aims to assess current gaps in CCS technologies and identify the most promising directions for basic research that is needed to achieve long-term global carbon management. These area...
Resource Private Entities

Carbon Capture Coalition FY 2020 CCS R&D Request

The Carbon Capture Coalition has lobbied federal appropriators on support for CCS research in the FY 2019 and FY 2020 budgets, calling for a $10M increase, to $208M, in DOE’s Fossil Energy’s Carbon Ca...
Resource Congress

Proposed Carbon Capture Modernization Act

The proposed Carbon Capture Modernization Act (2019) would correct design flaws in the 26 USC §48A CCS tax incentive program that have made it impossible for companies to access existing incentives to...
Example States and State Governments

New Mexico’s Conservation Executive Order (2021)

In August, New Mexico’s Governor signed an executive order that aims to set aside 30 percent of the state’s lands and waters by 2030 for conservation and another 20 percent for climate stabilization. ...
Example Foreign

Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

Brazil’s Dietary Guidelines encourage the use of minimally processed plant-based foods over animal products to reduce GHGs and deforestation.
Example States and State Governments

Maine Tree Growth Tax Law

In Maine, property taxes for forest lands are based on the value of the land in its current use, rather than market value. This method allows for valuation of forestland based on the actual use of the...
Example Executive Branch

IRS Conservation Contributions.

Under the IRC §170(f) and (h), a qualified conservation contribution in the form of a donation of land or a conservation easement to a 501(c)(3) organization such as a land conservancy or a state or l...
Resource Congress

Proposed USE IT Act

The proposed USE IT Act (S. 383 2019) would foster continued development and deployment of carbon capture by authorizing the EPA Administrator to coordinate with the Secretary of Energy on furthering ...
Resource Executive Branch

Report, An Introduction to Conservation Easements in the United States: A Simple Concept and Complicated Mosaic of Law

Cheever and McLaughlin’s 2015 article surveys the complex body of state and federal law that shapes the creation, funding, tax treatment, enforcement, modification, and termination of conservation eas...
Resource Congress

Report, Long Term Liability for Carbon Capture and Storage in Depleted North American Oil and Gas Reservoirs

Ingelson et al.’s 2011 report surveys government efforts to manage long-term liability from carbon sequestration projects. It recommends a pooling approach to the management of remediation and reclama...
Example States and State Governments

Ohio Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2010, Ohio’s SB 165 established that the Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management has the authority to issue permits for underground injection of carbon dioxide for secondary or tertiary recove...
Example States and State Governments

Michigan RPS Advanced Cleaner Energy Sources

Comp. Laws §460.1047(7)(b)(iii) names plants that capture and sequester 85% or more of carbon emissions as eligible “advanced cleaner energy sources.” Advanced cleaner energy credits can be used to me...
Resource Congress

Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage

The Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage assesses the status of CCS technologies, current barriers to deployment, regulatory frameworks at the state and federal levels, a...
Resource Executive Branch

White House Ocean Climate Action Plan

In March 2023, the White House Ocean Policy Committee released an Ocean Climate Action Plan (OCAP). The plan sets three overall goals: creating a carbon-neutral future; accelerating nature-based solut...
Resource Executive Branch

NETL Reports, Best Practices for Carbon Storage Systems

The National Energy Technology Laboratory publishes Best Practice Manuals focused on establishing uniform approaches for carrying out essential activities common to the success of all CCS projects, in...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Application of Advanced Technologies for CO2 Capture from Industrial Sources

Romano et al.’s 2013 report investigates the potential of new CO2 technologies in the application on the major industrial emitters.
Resource Executive Branch

Report, Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential in US Croplands and Grasslands

Chambers et al.’s 2016 report assess the sequestration potential of US croplands and grasslands in the context of the 4 Per Thousand initiative, a French effort to enhance the carbon stock on a large ...
Resource States and State Governments

C2ES Database on U.S. State Energy Financial Incentives for CCS

The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions maintains a map-based database of state financial incentives for CCS.
Example States and State Governments

West Virginia Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2009, HB 2860 authorized the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection to regulate carbon dioxide sequestration projects. The bill directed the agency to develop additional regulations t...
Resource Congress

Report, Putting the Puzzle Together: State and Federal Policy Drivers for Growing America’s Carbon Capture and CO2-EOR Industry

The Great Plains Institute, working with a task force including the state executives of Montana and Wyoming, published a 2016 report recommending a targeted package of federal incentives for CCS, whic...
Example States and State Governments

Kentucky Forest Stewardship Incentives Fund

Kentucky’s forest stewardship incentives fund is used to provide financial assistance to landowners for development of management plans and for practices including reforestation, afforestation, soil a...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, State Forestry Agency Perspectives on Carbon Management and Carbon Market Assistance to Family Forest Owners

Miller et al.’s 2015 report surveys efforts to aid family farm owners in carbon management of forested areas, including six states that have offered assistance programs for carbon management that eith...
Example States and State Governments

California Cap-and-Trade Forest Offset Projects and Biomass Exemption

The California economy-wide cap-and-trade program established under the California Global Warming Solutions Act authorizes the creation of forest offsets. The California Air Resources Board has adopte...
Resource Congress

Report, A Global Vision and Strategy for Organic Farming and Research

The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement’s 2016 report describes a 17‐point action plan to advance organic agriculture through research, development, innovation and technology tran...
Resource Congress

Report, Designing an Effective Regulatory Structure for CO2 Pipelines

Monast’s 2008 report, From Carbon Capture to Storage: Designing an Effective Regulatory Structure for CO2 Pipelines, provides an overview of the federal pipeline regulatory structure and the challenge...
Example States and State Governments

Pennsylvania’s State Forest Resource Management Plan

Pennsylvania’s 2016 State Forest Resource Management Plan recognizes carbon sequestration as one of many consistent objectives of the plan for managing Pennsylvania’s 2.2 million-acre state forest sys...
Example States and State Governments

Illinois’ Soil and Water Conservation Districts

Illinois’ SB 2737 amends the state’s The Soil and Water Conservation Districts Act to explicitly address improving soil health, among other things. The Act permits the State Soil and Water Conservatio...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, State Income Tax Credits for Conservation Easements

Sundberg’s 2011 report surveys fifteen states that have created income tax credits to encourage the creation and donation of conservation easements. It finds that programs that offer the highest value...
Example Foreign

Denmark’s Livestock Carbon Tax

In a world first, Denmark is set to become the first nation to impose a GHG tax specifically on livestock emissions. In 2030, a fee of 300 Danish crowns ($43.60 USD) will be charged to farmers per ton...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Seeding Capital: Policy Solutions to Accelerate Investment in Nature-Based Climate Action

This June 2021 report from Berkeley Law, UCLA, and Bank of America addresses policy mechanisms to drive investment in negative emissions from land-use, improvement of natural carbon sinks, and agricul...
Resource Foreign

Report, Policy Readiness for Offshore CO2 Storage in the Northeast

The Sabin Center’s 2017 report surveys applicable regulations for injecting CO2 offshore in state waters, federal waters (under the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act), and the high seas...
Resource States and State Governments

C2ES Rules for Carbon Transport and Storage Database

The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions maintains a map-based database cataloging state level rules on carbon transport and storage.
Resource Executive Branch

Report, Forest Management for Carbon Sequestration and Climate Adaptation

Ontl et al.’s 2020 report provides a Forest Carbon Management Menu to help translate broad carbon management concepts into actionable tactics that help managers reduce risk from expected climate impac...
Example States and State Governments

Texas Common Carrier Rules Regarding Carbon Dioxide Pipelines

Chapter 111 of the Texas Code authorizes owners and operators of CO2 pipelines to have common carrier status if they consent in writing to being subject to the common carrier requirements. These requi...
Example States and State Governments

North Carolina property tax reduction for forest conservation

In North Caroline, property taxes for forest lands are based on the value of the land in its current use, rather than market value. This method allows for valuation of forestland based on the actual u...
Resource Congress

Proposed Repairing Existing Public Land by Adding Necessary Trees Act

The proposed Repairing Existing Public Land by Adding Necessary Trees Act (2021) would lift the $30 million annual cap on funds that may be drawn from the federal Reforestation Trust Fund. If enacted,...
Example States and State Governments

New Hampshire Fertilizer Rules

New Hampshire sets nitrogen concentration limits for different types of fertilizer.
Example States and State Governments

Maryland’s Healthy Soils Program

Maryland’s Healthy Soils Program was established in 2017 through HB 1063 with goals “to (1) improve the health, yield, and profitability of the soils of the State; (2) increase biological activity and...
Resource Executive Branch

National Conservation Easement Database

The NCED contains records for more than 130,000 conservation easements encumbering more than 24 million acres of land.
Example States and State Governments

Washington’s Sustainable Food Management Legislation

Washington’s HB2301 (2024) creates programs to prioritize food waste prevention, donation, or upcycling over composting or anaerobic digestion, and directs the state’s newly created Center for Sustain...
Resource Local Governments

USDA report, USDA Building Blocks for Climate Smart Agriculture and Forestry

USDA’s 2016 report outlines a set of “building blocks” to help farmers, ranchers, forestland owners, and rural communities reduce GHG emissions and increase carbon sequestration, including tools for p...
Example Foreign

Dutch Dietary Guidelines

The Health Council of the Netherlands published 2015 dietary guidelines that recommended more plant-based and less animal-based nutrition, particularly processed red meat. The report notes that limiti...
Example States and State Governments

Minnesota’s Agricultural Growth, Research, and Innovation (AGRI) Program

Minnesota’s Agricultural Growth, Research, and Innovation (AGRI) Program provides grants up to $50,000 to farmers, agricultural businesses, and schools for “projects that explore sustainable agricultu...
Resource Congress

Report, Advancing Carbon Sequestration Research in an Uncertain Legal and Regulatory Environment

Hart’s 2009 report recommends the federal government adopt policies that provide a legal framework that supports CCS research, specifically a shield from property-related and long-term liabilities ass...
Example Congress

Enhanced Tax Deduction for Conservation Easements

In 2015, Congress permanently extended an enhanced tax deduction for landowners donating a conservation easement to a land trust or government agency. The enhanced deduction allows famers and ranchers...
Example States and State Governments

North Dakota Tax Incentives for CCS

North Dakota’s Cent. Code Ann. §57-60-02.1 provides that a coal conversion facility that achieves a twenty percent capture of carbon dioxide emissions during a taxable period is entitled to a twenty p...
Resource Congress

Report, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration.

This 2019 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine outlines a research agenda for carbon sequestration, including a chapter on changes in agricultural practices that e...
Resource Congress

Report, Forest Management Solutions for Mitigating Climate Change in the US

Malmsheimer et al.’s 2008 report provides a survey of carbon benefits from wood substitution, biomass substitution, wildfire behavior modification, and avoided land use change. The report details how ...
Example Congress

Renewable Biomass Restrictions under the Renewable Fuel Standard

Under the federal Renewable Fuel Standard, Congress has directed EPA to exclude crops “harvested from land cleared or cultivated” after December 19, 2007 from its definition of “renewable biomass.” Th...
Resource Executive Branch

DOE Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Funding

In April 2020, DOE announced up to $131 million for carbon capture, utilization, and storage R&D projects through one new funding opportunity announcement and the winners of five project selections fr...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Regulation for Underground Storage of CO2 Passed by US States

Javedan’s 2011 report provides an overview of state regulation of underground storage through the lens of key issues including liability, pore space ownership, CO2 and mineral rights ownership, and mo...
Resource States and State Governments

Hawaii’s Soil Sequestration Subsidies

In July 2022, Hawaii passed a law establishing the Hawaii Carbon Smart Land Management Assistance Pilot Program. The program will incentivize carbon sequestration activities through incentive contract...
Resource Private Entities

Report, The Cost of Carbon Capture

Rubin et al.’s 2015 report in the Journal for Greenhouse Gas Control assesses the current costs of CCS in new fossil fuel plants. It shows that while the capital requirements for installing carbon cap...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Healthy Soils Legislation

This model legal document prepared by the LPDD team surveys the chief provisions a state may consider including in “healthy soils” (HS) legislation. It takes a menu approach in providing options for s...
Example States and State Governments

Virginia’s Urban Tree Planning Legislation

Virginia’s SB 461 requires the Department of Forestry, in coordination with a Technical Advisory Committee composed of stakeholders, to develop a Forestland and Urban Tree Canopy Conservation Plan by ...
Example States and State Governments

Pennsylvania’s Carbon Capture and Sequestration Act

In July 2024, Pennsylvania enacted SB 831, or the Carbon Capture and Sequestration Act, into law. The law declares carbon dioxide storage to be in the public interest and provides a regulatory framewo...
Example States and State Governments

Maryland Forest Conservation Act and proposed revisions

Maryland’s Forest Conservation Act was adopted to minimize the loss of Maryland’s forest resources during land developing by making identification and protection of forests and other sensitive areas a...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey RPS Sustainable Biomass Requirements

New Jersey’s Renewable Portfolio Standard requires a sustainability determination to qualify biomass among the technologies that will support the generation of renewable energy credits.
Example States and State Governments

Ohio’s Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard

Ohio Rev. Code §4928.01(34)(c) names plants using “clean coal technology that includes the design capability to control or prevent the emission of carbon dioxide” as eligible alternative energy source...
Example States and State Governments

New Mexico Eminent Domain Rules for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines

In New Mexico, carbon dioxide pipeline project sponsors have eminent domain authority. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 70-3-5 lays out the legislature’s standard. A 1984 Attorney General Opinion (146) suggested tha...
Resource Congress

Report, Sequestering Carbon Dioxide Undersea in the Atlantic: Legal Problems and Solutions

This 2018 report outlines the key legal requirements for injecting carbon dioxide into the seabed off the northeast coast of the U.S. It distinguishes the legal requirements for injections in “state w...
Resource States and State Governments

Maryland Loan Guarantees for Natural Climate Solutions

In 2021, Maryland passed HB 94, creating the Water Quality Revolving Loan Fund. In January 2023, using that fund, Maryland became the first state to approve a loan guarantee to finance “natural climat...
Example States and State Governments

New York performance standards for major electric generating facilities

NY Comp. Codes R. and Regs. Tit. 6 § 251.3 establishes CO2 performance standards for major electric generating facilities, ranging from 925 pounds of CO2/MWh gross electrical output for new and modifi...
Example States and State Governments

Illinois Clean Coal Portfolio Standard

The Illinois Clean Coal Portfolio Standard of 2009 targets CCS project development and deployment. The CCPS provides tax credits for facilities that capture at least 50 percent of their total CO2 emis...
Example Congress

EPA Underground Injection Control Program

The EPA’s UIC program regulates and clarifies the use of enhanced oil recovery wells for sequestration. The UIC program was established by the Safe Drinking Water Act, and its Class II and VI wells re...
Resource Executive Branch

Forest Stewardship Program

The US Forest Stewardship Program works in partnership with state forestry agencies, cooperative extension, and conservation districts to connect private landowners with information and tools to more ...
Example States and State Governments

California CCS protocol under the Low Carbon Fuel Standard

In 2017, the California Air Resources Board issued a concept paper for a regulatory program on carbon capture and storage. In 2018, the Air Resources Board issued a Carbon Capture and Sequestration Pr...
Example Executive Branch

Existing NSPS for New Coal Generation

In 2015, New Source Performance Standards were promulgated for new coal-fired plants at 80 Fed. Reg. 64510. These established partial CCS as the Best System of Emissions Reduction. In 2018, EPA propos...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Forest Certification in North America

Hansen et al.’s 2006 report surveys the technical challenges to and opportunities from developing forest certification systems. It includes a list of major third-party forest and wood product certific...
Example States and State Governments

Illinois RPS Clean Coal Carveout

20 Ill. Comp. Stat. 3855/1-75(d)(1) requires electric utilities to procure at least 5% of their total energy supply from “clean coal” facilities. 20 Ill. Comp. Stat. 3855/1-10 defines clean coal facil...
Resource States and State Governments

Report: Rethinking Manure Biogas: Policy Considerations to Promote Equity and Protect the Climate and Environment

This August 2022 report from the Environmental Justice Clinic at the Vermont Law and Graduate School dives deep into the existing policies incentivizing manure biogas operations, the environmental jus...
Resource Executive Branch

NETL report, Carbon Capture and Sequestration Approaches for NGCC Systems

NETL’s 2010 report surveys case studies of carbon capture at NGCC plants, including post-, pre-, and oxy-combustion, and their performance factors.
Example States and State Governments

North Carolina Forest Development Act

A voluntary cost sharing program to “provide financial assistance to eligible landowners to increase the productivity of the privately-owned forests of the State.” Along with Legislative appropriation...
Example States and State Governments

Montana prohibition on acquiring coal plants without CCS

Montana prohibits the commission from approving an application for the acquisition of an equity interest or lease in a facility or equipment used to generate electricity that is primarily fueled by co...
Resource States and State Governments

NY’s proposed Carbon Farming Act (2019)

New York’s proposed Carbon Farming Act (A2718) would establish a tax credit for farmers who maximize carbon sequestration potential through a “carbon farming” land management strategy; and direct DEC ...
Resource Congress

Report, A Review of the CO2 Pipeline Infrastructure in the US

DOE’s 2015 report summarizes current and potential expansions to the CO2 pipeline network in the US, and provides an overview of permitting, regulation, and policies at the federal and state levels.
Example States and State Governments

Michigan Qualified Forest Program

Michigan’s Qualified Forest Program is a program under which a landowner may execute a Qualified Forest Affidavit on land that qualifies to be enrolled. By executing and recording the Affidavit, the l...
Resource Congress

Congressional Research Service report, Federal Crop Insurance Background

The Congressional Research Services 2015 report on the Federal Crop Insurance program outlines the program’s history, types of insurance, costs, and recent changes.
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Forest Carbon Solutions for Mitigating Climate Change

This 2015 report from the Forest Climate Working Group provides a toolkit for state governments looking to use forests and forest products as a climate mitigation strategy while also advancing other e...
Example States and State Governments

New Mexico Tax Incentives for CCS

NM Stat. Ann. 7-2-18.25 provides an advanced energy tax credit for coal facilities that capture and sequester or control CO2 emissions so that no more than one thousand one hundred pounds per megawatt...
Resource Private Entities

MIT CC&ST Project and CCUS Center

The Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Program at MIT conducted research into technologies to capture, utilize, and store CO2 from large stationary sources from 2000 through 2016. The CC&ST...
Resource Executive Branch

Model NSPS for New Natural Gas Generation

LPDD suggests that, in the near term, NSPS for new combined cycle natural gas plants require at least partial carbon capture, modifying 40 CFR pt. 60 subpt. TTTT tbl. 2 to reflect a 551 lb CO2/MWh gro...
Example Executive Branch

National Institute of Food and Agriculture research funding

Little NIFA funding currently goes to climate. E.g., of $375 million sought in President Obama’s 2016 Budget, only $15 million was related to climate, and none of that was to go towards mitigation eff...
Example Executive Branch

DOE Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Funding

In 2017, DOE announced $36 million dollars in funding for advanced carbon capture technologies. The funding was divided between four awards totaling $30 million demonstrating the scaling of carbon cap...
Example States and State Governments

Georgia Forest Land Protection Act

In Georgia, private land used for “good faith subsistence or commercial production of trees, timber or other wood and wood fiber products” is exempt from property taxes. Eligible property may have sec...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Natural Resources Trust Law

This Model Natural Resource Trust Law aims to provide states a tool to improve and expand their forests and natural areas. Modeled after Oregon’s Forest Resource Trust (See Or. Rev. Stat. § 526.700, e...
Example States and State Governments

Delaware State Nutrient Management Law

The Delaware State Nutrient Management Law requires farmers prepare nutrient management plans, which must limit nitrogen application to the expected yield of the specific crop.
Resource States and State Governments

Forest Certification As It Contributes to Sustainable Forestry

The National Association of State Foresters published a 2013 policy statement promoting the auditing and third-party sustainability certification of state forests.
Resource States and State Governments

C2ES Rules for Carbon Transport and Storage Database

The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions maintains a map-based database cataloging state level rules on carbon transport and storage.
Example States and State Governments

Colorado Conservation Easement Tax Credit

Colorado has offered a state income tax credit for the donation of conservation easements since 2000. Federal requirements for charitable contributions are used to determine eligibility for the state ...
Resource States and State Governments

Oregon Forest Management Plan Guidelines and Template

Oregon State University provides resources for landowners and foresters on forest management, including guidelines on the creation of forest management plans, and templates.
Resource Executive Branch

Potential Improvements to Clean Water Act NPDES Program

The Clean Water Act establishes a national pollution discharge elimination system to regulate operations that discharge pollutants directly into waters. Agricultural operations, including CAFOs, are c...
Resource Congress

Report, Recommendation for Enhancing the Role of Forests in Climate Change Mitigation and Ecosystem Adaption to Climate Change

The National Association of State Foresters’ 2015 policy statement outlines recommendation related to private forest management, urban forests, forest health funding, fire assistance, and federal and ...
Example Congress

Prohibition on federally supported agriculture on erodible land or wetlands

16 USC §3811 and §3821 prohibit farms from producing agricultural products on highly erodible land without a conservation plan, and on unconverted wetlands, respectively, if that land receives support...
Example States and State Governments

California GHG emissions standards

California Cal. Pub. Util. Code §8341 effectively requires the use of CCS at new coal plants by means of an emissions standard no higher than the rate of emissions of greenhouse gases for combined-cyc...
Example States and State Governments

Virginia Land Preservation Tax Credit

Virginia allows an income tax credit for 40 percent of the value of donated land or conservation easements. Taxpayers may use up to $20,000 per year through 2020 and $50,000 per year in subsequent tax...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Technical and Economic Characteristic of a CO2 Transmission Pipeline Infrastructure

Serpa et al.’s 2011 report identifies the technical elements that comprise a CO2 pipeline network, provides an overview of equipment selection and design, and identifies the costs of designing and con...
Example States and State Governments

Oregon Forest Resource Trust

Oregon’s forest resource trust provides financial and technical assistance to qualified private and local government owners to plant trees and improve management of forestlands for timber production a...
Resource Congress

Proposed Advancing Research on Agricultural Climate Impacts Act

The 2023 proposed Advancing Research on Agricultural Climate Impacts (ARACI) Act addresses a lack of standardized methodologies for soil carbon measurement and fragmented data collection which make ca...
Example States and State Governments

New York’s Climate Resilient Farming Program

New York’s Climate Resilient Farming Program provides grant funds for projects that mitigate the impact of agriculture on climate change for greenhouse gas emissions reduction and carbon sequestration...
Example Executive Branch

Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research

The Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research was established by the 2014 Farm Bill and has environmental concerns within its mandate. Its “Healthy Soils, Thriving Farms” Initiative is likely to be...
Example Local Governments

Philadelphia Climate Plan and Park Management

The City of Philadelphia has a tree planting and green infrastructure program that will reduce heat island effects and increase biomass. The plan includes programs for managing urban forests to accoun...
Example States and State Governments

Wyoming special revenue account for CCS maintenance

Wyoming has established an industry-funded trust fund for measurement, monitoring, and verification of CCS injection sites after site closure.
Example Congress

Clean Coal Power Initiative

The Clean Coal Power Initiative was authorized to distribute $200 million for each fiscal year between 2006 and 2014 to support “clean” coal projects. The third round of funding under this program inc...
Resource Executive Branch

Congressional Research Service Brief on Clean Coal Tax Incentives

A 2014 Congressional Research Service brief provides a survey of clean coal loan guarantees and tax incentives.
Example States and State Governments

Wyoming Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2008, HB 89 clarified that the ownership of the pore space is vested in the owners of the surface land. Surface owner may sever ownership of pore space. In 2009, HB 80 established a process for uni...
Resource Congress

Report, Conservation Easements and Climate Change

Aaronson and Manuel’s 2008 report notes how the current law of conservation easements does not recognize the full potential for carbon capture resulting from land conservation, in part because the tax...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Agroforestry Strategies to Sequester Carbon in Temperate North America

Report, Agroforestry Strategies to Sequester Carbon in Temperate North America. Udawatta and Jose’s 2012 report provides a review of carbon sequestration opportunities available under various agrofore...
Example States and State Governments

Oklahoma Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2009, SB 610 authorized the Oklahoma Corporation Commission to regulate CO2 injection for storage in oil, gas, coal-bed methane, and mineral brine reservoirs. The bill provides exclusive jurisdicti...
Example States and State Governments

California EO B-52-18

California EO B-52-18 was issued to support the state’s resilience to wildfire and other climate impacts, address extensive tree mortality, increase forests’ capacity for carbon capture, and improve f...
Resource Congress

Carbon Dioxide Removal Law Database

CDRLaw.org is an annotated bibliography of legal materials pertaining to carbon dioxide removal, and to utilization and storage of carbon dioxide. The site was created by the Sabin Center for Climate ...
Example Executive Branch

Forest Stewardship Program

The US Forest Stewardship Program works in partnership with state forestry agencies, cooperative extension, and conservation districts to connect private landowners with information and tools to more ...
Example States and State Governments

California’s Natural Carbon Removal Target

In September 2022, California passed AB 1757, requiring the state to develop an achievable carbon removal target for natural and working lands. The new legislation builds on the framework established ...
Example Executive Branch

Good Farming Practice Determination Standards Handbook

The 2016 Good Farming Practice Determination Standards Handbook, for the first time, stated that practices promoted by the USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service would generally be recognized a...
Resource Executive Branch

DOE report, Siting and Regulating Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Infrastructure Workshop Report

DOE’s 2017 report surveys existing and potential CCS infrastructure, state and federal incentives, and state and federal policy regarding pipelines and storage.
Example States and State Governments

Kentucky Eminent Domain Rules for CO2 Pipelines

In 2011, SB 50 authorized the exercise of eminent domain authority for carbon dioxide pipelines which have received construction certificates from the Kentucky State Board on Electric Generation and S...
Resource Congress

Proposed EFFECT Act

The proposed EFFECT Act (S. 1201, 2019) would update and strengthen the DOE Office of Fossil Energy’s RDD&D objectives and programs for carbon capture, utilization, removal and storage. The legislatio...
Example States and State Governments

Minnesota Sustainable Forest Incentive Act

In 2001, the Minnesota Legislature created an incentive program that annually pays enrolled landowners $7 per acre of forested land to offset property taxes. Known as the sustainable forest incentive ...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Overview of Carbon Capture Technology: Microalgal Biorefinery Concept and State-of-the-Art

Singh and Dhar’s 2019 report provides a brief yet comprehensive review of the present carbon sequestration and utilization technologies, focusing primarily on biological CO2 capture by microalgae in t...
Example States and State Governments

Minnesota’s Forever Green Agriculture Initiative

Passed within an appropriation bill, Minnesota’s SF03, Article 3 Section 3(h), funds the Forever Green Agriculture Initiative “to protect the state’s natural resources while increasing the efficiency,...
Resource Congress

Congressional Research Service Report, US Tree Planting for Carbon Sequestration

The Congressional Research Service’s 2009 report examines the use of afforestation to provide offsets under a cap-and-trade approach.
Resource States and State Governments

Report, A Policy, Legal, and Regulatory Evaluation of the Feasibility of a National Pipeline Infrastructure for the Transport and Storage of Carbon Dioxide

The Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission’s 2010 report surveys possible future regulatory scenarios for carbon dioxide pipelines.
Example Executive Branch

Conservation Resource Program

The USDA’s Conservation Resource Program accounts for approximately 37% of conservation spending. It pays farmers to take environmentally sensitive land out of agricultural production for 10-15 years....
Example States and State Governments

Minnesota’s State Climate Action Plan

Minnesota prepared a 2016 report laying the foundation for state climate action planning efforts, which recommended long-term efforts in promoting urban forests, forest health, conservation and workin...
Example Executive Branch

USDA’s Proposed Old Growth Forest Protections

In a notice published in the Federal Register in December 2023, the Agriculture Department said it will direct all land management plans for units of the National Forest System to adopt an “adaptive s...
Resource Executive Branch

Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program

The Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program provides funding for on-farm research and efforts to increase knowledge about sustainable agricultural practices among farmers and agricultur...
Example States and State Governments

NM’s Healthy Soil Act (2019)

New Mexico’s Healthy Soil Act 2019) creates a Healthy Soil Program within the New Mexico Department of Agriculture, administered by New Mexico State University. The program’s purpose is “to promote an...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Creek Carbon: Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Riparian Revegetation

A 2015 Univ. of California Cooperative Extension report documents carbon sequestration across riparian revegetation projects in California, and attempts to account for the recalcitrance of sequestered...
Example States and State Governments

Kentucky Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2011, HB 259 directed CO2 storage operators to make good faith attempts to acquire the rights to pore space needed for long-term storage from the owners. If a storage operator has made good faith e...
Resource Private Entities

Carbon Cycle Institute

The Carbon Cycle Institute houses a series of resources on carbon farming techniques, including research on carbon farming techniques and case studies of specific carbon farms.
Example States and State Governments

Oregon CO2 emissions standards for power plants

ORS §469.501(1) empowers the Energy Facility Siting Council to adopt standards for the siting, construction, operation and retirement of facilities. For energy facilities that emit carbon dioxide, the...
Example States and State Governments

Montana Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2009, SB 498 created a presumption that the surface owner of a property is also the owner of the subsurface geologic storage reservoir unless deeds or severance documents establish that a different...
Resource Congress

Proposed Climate Stewardship Act (2019)

The proposed Climate Stewardship Act of 2019 would: Plant over 16 billion trees by 2050, on a combination of federal, state, local, tribal, and non-governmental lands. The ambitious level of tree plan...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey Fertilizer Rules

New Jersey prohibits the sale of fertilizer that exceeds certain limits for nitrogen concentration.
Resource Congress

EQIP Improvement Act

The EQIP Improvement Act, introduced in 2018, would prioritize EQIP funding at the state and county level for the most effective conservation practices, while also reducing the maximum cost-sharing fr...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Tillage and Soil Carbon Concentration: What Do We Really Know?

Baker et al.’s 2007 report surveys studies of agricultural carbon sequestration resulting from one of the most well-publicized sustainable practices: no-till farming. It finds, when surveying studies ...
Example States and State Governments

Vermont’s S160 (2019)

Vermont’s S160 (2019) deals with soil health, among other agricultural development issues. It requires the Farm and Forest Viability Program of the Vermont Housing and Conservation Board to recommend ...
Example States and State Governments

Oregon forestry offsets

Oregon does not have a market-based emissions reduction program, but the state has authorized forest carbon offsets. Oregon permits the state forester to develop contracts with non-federal forest land...
Example States and State Governments

North Dakota Common Carrier Rules for CO2 Pipelines

The N.D.C.C. § 49-19-01 et seq. identifies CO2 pipelines as eligible for common carrier status. CO2 transport pipeline owners and operators may apply for a right-of-way to construct pipelines over pub...
Example Congress

Federal sequestration tax credit

26 USC §45Q creates a tax credit for the sequestration of carbon dioxide captured from an industrial source. Beginning in 2008, investment tax credits of $20 per metric ton of CO2 and $10 per captured...
Resource Executive Branch

Report, Statutory Authority for Sustainability in the Dietary Guidelines of Americans

Simon’s 2015 report provides a legal analysis of statutory authority for sustainability in the dietary guidelines of Americans. It argues that the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Ac...
Example States and State Governments

Louisiana CCS liability release regulation

Louisiana has enacted legislation to limit private liability for sequestration of captured carbon dioxide by transferring ownership of sequestered carbon dioxide to the state after 10 years (contingen...
Example States and State Governments

Washington’s Soil Health Initiative

Washington’s Soil Health Initiative provides funding for new soil health research and extension activities to develop, evaluate and incentivize best management practices across the agricultural system...
Resource Congress

Report, Climate Change and Federal Crop Insurance

Marzan and Ballard’s 2016 report examines the present risk of climate change in agriculture and discusses recent steps taken to address climate change in agriculture in general, specifically within th...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, From EOR to CCS

Marston and Moore’s 2008 report discusses state regulatory frameworks for carbon dioxide pipelines as currently exists to support the EOR industry. It identifies those aspects of the existing regulato...
Resource Private Entities

Integrated Environmental Control Model

Carnegie Mellon University’s Integrated Environmental Control Model is a free, public, power plant modeling tool that provides systematic estimates of the performance, fuel consumption, emissions, and...
Resource Private Entities

Report, An Engineering-Economic Model of Pipeline Transport of CO2 with Application to Carbon Capture and Storage

McCoy and Rubin’s 2008 report estimates total cost and the cost per ton of transporting varying amounts of CO2 over a range of distances for different regions of the continental United States. An engi...
Resource Private Entities

Global CCS Institute reports and database

The Global CCS Institute is an international think tank whose mission is to accelerate the deployment of CCS. The Global CCS Institute Project Database tracks 51 large-scale CCS facilities globally – ...
Resource Executive Branch

Model NSPS for New Coal Generation

The LPDD report proposes that NSPS standards for coal can be enhanced beyond the 2015 level. LPDD suggests that NSPS for new coal-fired units require full carbon dioxide capture (i.e., 90%), modifying...
Resource Executive Branch

NETL Studies on the Economic Feasibility of CO2 Capture

Through 2015, DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory published reports on carbon capture systems analysis. NETL conducted various energy analyses that provide input to decisions on issues such as...
Example States and State Governments

Texas Tax Incentives for CCS

Texas Tax Code Ann. §171.602 provides for a Clean Energy Tax Credit, which applies to projects sequestering at least 70 percent of the carbon dioxide resulting from or associated with the generation o...
Resource Executive Branch

Report, Climate Reregulation in a Biden Administration

This August 2020 report from the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law charts a course for executive action that, under a new presidential administration, would reverse the deregulatory agenda of the Tr...
Example States and State Governments

California’s Forest Legacy Program

Under California’s forest legacy program, CAL FIRE purchases or accepts donations of conservation easements or fee title of productive forest lands to encourage their long-term conservation. The prima...
Example States and State Governments

Indiana’s RPS-eligible clean power sources

Code §8-1-37-4(17) defines RPS-eligible clean power sources as including those described in § 8-1-8.8-2, which includes “advanced technologies that reduce regulated air emissions from or increase the ...
Resource Congress

Report, An Analysis of Forestry Carbon Sequestration as a Response to Climate Change

Sohngen’s 2009 analysis argues for afforestation as a cost-effective mechanism for climate mitigation, modeling up to a 17% increase globally in forest acreage.
Resource Congress

Report, Capturing Investment: Policy Design to Finance CCUS Projects in the U.S. Power Sector

The Columbia University Center on Global Energy Policy’s 2020 report examines which policies might work to stimulate investment for CCUS projects in the U.S. power sector, including capital incentives...
Example Executive Branch

Environmental Quality Incentives Program

The Environmental Quality Incentives Program provides financial assistance to farmers who adopt or install conservation practices on land in agricultural production. Common practices include nutrient ...
Resource Private Entities

Technical Working Group on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Reports

The Technical Working Group on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases published a 2011 report, Assessing Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Opportunities and Implementation Strategies for Agricultural Land Management i...
Example States and State Governments

California’s Forest Carbon Plan

California’s Forest Practices Act encourages carbon sequestration in California’s forests. Consistent with this mandate, in 2017, California forest and fire management authorities published a draft Ca...
Example States and State Governments

Vermont Use Value Appraisal Program

In Vermont, property taxes for forest lands are based on the value of the land in its current use, rather than market value. This method allows for valuation of forestland based on the actual use of t...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Assessment of Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plants for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage in a Gas-Dominated Electricity Market

Holden’s 2014 report for the California Energy Commission evaluates CO2 capture technology options for use on NGCC plants; compares and contrasts CO2 capture on other fossil plant technologies to CO2 ...
Example Private Entities

Sustainable Forestry Initiative Certification

The SFI has certified 250 million acres of forest in the US and Canada, and recognizes the importance of forests in carbon capture and climate change mitigation. Their Standards and Rules impose no sp...
Resource Congress

Proposed Growing Climate Solutions Act (2020)

The proposed Growing Climate Solutions Act (2020) directs the USDA to create a program that would help the agriculture sector gain access to revenue from greenhouse gas offset credit markets. The bill...
Example States and State Governments

California Healthy Soils Program

Established by SB 1350, California’s Healthy Soils Program (HSP) is a collaboration of state agencies and departments to promote the development of healthy soils on California’s farmlands and ranchlan...
Resource Congress

Proposed Carbon Capture Improvement Act of 2017

The Proposed Carbon Capture Improvement Act of 2017 would have amended the Internal Revenue Code to authorize the issuance of tax-exempt facility bonds for the financing of qualified carbon dioxide ca...
Example Executive Branch

Forest Legacy Program

The Forest Legacy Program, a voluntary federal program in partnership with states, which encourages and supports conservation easements and the acquisition of partial interests in privately owned fore...
Example States and State Governments

Minnesota Vegetative Buffer Requirements

In 2015, Minnesota passed a pioneering law requiring permanent vegetative buffers on farmland abutting lakes and streams. The law was designed to reduce runoff, but will also increase soil carbon sequ...
Example States and State Governments

Vermont’s H525 (2019)

Vermont’s H525 addresses healthy soils among several agricultural subjects. The legislation establishes the Environmental Stewardship Program, which provides assistance to farmers to implement regener...
Resource Congress

Proposed CLEAN Future Act (2020)

The proposed Climate Leadership and Environmental Action for our Nation’s (CLEAN) Future Act (2020) is a large, economy-wide climate bill released by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Among ...
Resource Congress

Congressional Research Service Brief on Clean Coal Loan Guarantees

A 2014 Congressional Research Service brief provides a survey of clean coal loan guarantees and tax incentives.
Example States and State Governments

Carbon Sequestration Certification Program

Established by the Oklahoma Carbon Sequestration Enhancement Act, the Oklahoma Carbon Program provides state-backed verification of carbon offsets, which supports a voluntary offset programs in agricu...
Example States and State Governments

North Carolina Executive Order on Conservation and Reforestation

In February 2024, North Carolina’s governor signed an Executive Order that sets statewide targets for governments and private land-protection groups by 2040 to both “permanently conserve” 1 million ac...
Model Law Congress

LPDD Model Law: Ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal Research

This model legislation would create a new legal framework specifically for ocean CDR research. The new framework is designed to achieve the dual goals of facilitating needed ocean CDR research, while ...
Resource Congress

Carbon Capture Coalition’s 2019 Federal Policy Blueprint

The Carbon Capture Coalition’s 2019 Federal Policy Blueprint analyzes challenges to implementing §45Q CCS tax credits, as well as other tax policies needed for investment certainty and technology depl...
Resource Congress

Report, Opportunities and Limits of CO2 Recycling in a Circular Carbon Economy

This report, part of the Carbon Management Research Initiative at Columbia University’s Center on Global Policy, examines 19 CO2 recycling pathways to understand the opportunities and the technical an...
Example Congress

Federal Loan Guarantees for Clean Coal Technologies

Title XVII of the Environmental Policy Act of 2005 provides broad authority for the Department of Energy to guarantee loans for innovative projects, including clean coal projects. DOE made $8.5 billio...
Example States and State Governments

Indiana Tax Incentives for Coal Gasification

Indiana Code Annotated 6-3.1-29-14 provides for a Coal Gasification Technology Investment Tax Credit.
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts Original Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard

Massachusetts’ 2008 Green Communities Act originally named gasification facilities with carbon captures technologies as one of five eligible alternative energy sources under the state’s Alternative En...
Example States and State Governments

Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture

The Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture at Iowa State University was established in 1987 to conduct research designed to reduce the environmental harms of agriculture and to help promulgate sus...
Resource States and State Governments

New York Soil Health Roadmap

This 2019 report includes background on the state of knowledge on soil health in NY, historical and current soil health efforts within and beyond NY, and key stakeholders and organizations involved in...
Resource Congress

Report, Agriculture and Climate Change: Policy Imperatives and Opportunities to Help Producers Meet the Challenge

This 2019 position paper from the National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition reviews the science related to climate change mitigation and adaptation on farms in the U.S., in order to provide a sound r...
Example Private Entities

Cambium Carbon’s Reforestation Hubs

In January 2021, Cambium Carbon, an urban reforestation startup, chose four target cities in hopes to make them look greener in years to come. Pittsburgh; New York City; Denver; and Eugene, Ore., will...
Example Executive Branch

Agricultural Research Service funding

About 20% of ARS’ FY 2017 research budget was allocated to environmental research, which includes research on climate change. LPDD recommends the agency increase its support for research that advances...
Resource Executive Branch

National Conservation Easement Database

The NCED contains records for more than 130,000 conservation easements encumbering more than 24 million acres of land.
Resource Private Entities

Report, Carbon Sequestration Potential on Agricultural Lands: A Review of Current Science and Available Practices

The National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition’s 2015 report explores how soil carbon is sequestered, the state of soil carbon research, and the debate on the extent of its potential. It offers a set ...
Model Law Executive Branch

LPDD Model Instruction Memorandum: Geologic Carbon Sequestration on Federal Lands

This model document proposes an update to the Bureau of Land Management’s Instruction Memorandum (IM) for geologic carbon sequestration (GS) on federal lands, which had been limited to information gat...
Example States and State Governments

Montana Tax Incentives for CCS

Montana Code Ann. § §15-24-3111 provides that carbon sequestration equipment, clean advanced coal research and development equipment, and coal gasification facilities for which carbon dioxide is seque...
Example States and State Governments

California Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Strategy

The California State Legislature passed a law in 2014, codified at at Cal. Heath and Safety Code §39730.5, directing the California Air Resources Board to develop a comprehensive strategy to reduce sh...
Resource Executive Branch

Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships

Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships cover 43 US states and four Canadian provinces. Their goal since 2008 has been to implement eight large-scale (defined as sequestering one million metric ton...
Example Congress

Existing Federal Forest Management Legislation and Regulation

The National Forest Management Act of 1976 established a planning process by which national forestland would be divided into zones by use, and given standards and guidelines to regulate those uses. Th...
Example States and State Governments

Kansas HB 2419

Kansas’ HB 2419 (2007) provides for income tax reductions and abatement of property taxes applicable to the power plant and the sequestration site for a generation project that sequesters CO2.
Example Congress

Federal tax incentives for clean coal power generation facilities

26 USC §48A allows up to a 30% tax credit for qualifying advanced coal projects generating electricity that also capture and sequester 65% or more of their carbon dioxide emissions. 26 USC §48B allows...
Resource Congress

Model Legislation: The Carbon Capture and Sequestration Regulatory Act of 2010

The CCSReg Project’s model legislation on CCS aimed to establish a comprehensive system for the safe and effective transport and geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. It addresses siting and const...
Resource Executive Branch

USDA report, Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee

The Dietary Guidelines Committee at USDA and HHS recommended that guidelines incorporate sustainability in their dietary recommendations. It noted that the Healthy U.S.-style Pattern, the Healthy Medi...
Resource Executive Branch

NETL Carbon Storage Atlas

The NETL Carbon Storage Atlas is intended to provide a coordinated update of CCS potential across the United States and other portions of North America. DOE has released five versions of the atlas wit...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Legislation for the Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) involves capturing carbon dioxide at power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, cement plants and other sources, compressing the carbon dioxide and transpor...
Resource Foreign

Model Law on Tree Planting Incentives

The Chancery Lane Project, a collaborative effort of UK lawyers to develop new contracts and model laws to help fight climate change, has published a model law creating a long-term government incentiv...
Example States and State Governments

North Dakota Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2009, SB 2139 prohibited surface property owners from severing title to the subsurface pore space, although the surface owner may lease the pore space. In 2009, SB 2095 established permit requireme...
Resource Private Entities

Report, An Overview of Current Status of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Technologies

Leung, Caramanna, and Maroto-Valer’s 2014 report reviews various aspects of CCS including the state-of-the-art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and li...
Example States and State Governments

Texas Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2009, SB 1387 established the criteria under which the Railroad Commission of Texas may issue a permit for CO2 injection for geologic storage. In addition to health and safety criteria, there is a ...
Resource Congress

Income Tax Incentives for Land Conservation Database

The Land Trust Alliance maintains a database of income tax incentives for land conservation. Their webpage discusses application of the federal conservation tax deduction in detail. Their April 2019 u...
Resource Congress

Report, Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Regulation

Nordhaus and Pitlick’s 2009 report in The Energy Law Journal suggests a regulatory framework to better support construction of the new CO2 pipeline infrastructure necessary for widespread deployment o...
Example States and State Governments

Utah’s Energy Resource Procurement Act

Utah Code Ann. §54-17-602(1)(a) provides that 20% of Utah’s adjusted electricity sales should be from qualifying electricity or renewable energy certificates by 2025. Utah Code Ann. §54-17-601 defines...
Example States and State Governments

Louisiana statute permitting eminent domain for CO2 pipelines

In 2009, HB 661 authorized parties injecting CO2 for geologic storage projects approved by the Louisiana Commissioner of Conservation to expropriate surface rights and other property interests to buil...
Resource Executive Branch

USDA Conservation Programs Background

The USDA Economic Research Service provides a primer on existing USDA conservation programs, including the CRP, ACEP, EQIP, CSP, and more.
Resource Executive Branch

Systematic Review of Dietary Patterns and Sustainability in the United States

Reinhardt et al.’s 2020 report contends that the healthy diet recommended by the USDA/HHS _Dietary Guidelines_may actually result in similar or increased heat-trapping emissions, energy use, and water...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Law to Divert Food Waste from Landfills

This model state legislation lays out a framework by which states can divert food waste from landfills to eligible processing facilities (including industrial-scale composters) or onsite composters. T...
Example States and State Governments

Wyoming Pipeline Corridor Initiative

The Wyoming Pipeline Corridor Initiative is a proposal that would designate approximately 1,150 miles of BLM-managed lands in Wyoming for CO2 pipelines. The WPCI proposal designates a statewide pipeli...
Resource States and State Governments

Forest Action Plan Database

The National Association of State Foresters catalogs the state forest action plan and best management practices for every state.
Example States and State Governments

Wyoming Eminent Domain Rules for CO2 Pipelines

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 1-26-814 holds that CO2 pipeline companies may exercise eminent domain authority to obtain easements required for constructing, operating, and maintaining their pipelines.
Example Executive Branch

Agricultural Conservation Easement Program

The Agricultural Conservation Easement Program is designed to protect wetlands, grasslands, and productive farmland. The National Resource Conservation service, which oversees the ACEP program, pays f...
Example States and State Governments

Illinois Eminent Domain Rules for CO2 Pipelines

In 2011, SB 1821 identified procedures for the Illinois Commerce Commission to authorize the construction of carbon dioxide pipelines, including through the exercise of eminent domain authority to acq...