Skip to main content

Carbon Capture and Sequestration

The chapter addresses the use of CCS to achieve significant reductions in emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere by 2050. Regardless of one’s views about the cause, pace, or even existence of climate change, the time is ripe to drive CCS forward. The chapter provides an overview and explains why, despite much study and decades of use of the technology, its widespread adoption in the United States has not yet occurred. The chapter also describes the potential of CCS for achieving deep decarbonization of the U.S. power sector and explains the key components of CCS. The chapter identifies and recommends several federal and state legal reforms necessary to drive CCS forward.

Sub-topics

Filter by

111 resources

Resource Foreign

IEA report, Retrofitting CO2 Capture to Existing Power Plants

IEA’s 2011 report surveys post-combustion retrofits on both coal and NGCC plants, using an economic model to assess the value proposition for different technology types.
Example States and State Governments

Mississippi Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2011, SB 2723 authorized the Mississippi Oil and Gas Board to approve the use of reservoirs for injection and storage of CO2 provided that a majority interest in the reservoir has provided its writ...
Example States and State Governments

North Dakota liability release regulation

North Dakota has established a trust fund, funded by a fee on each ton of sequestered carbon dioxide, that pays for long-term monitoring and maintenance of transferred carbon dioxide. Ten years after ...
Example States and State Governments

Kansas Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2007, HB 2419 defined a “carbon dioxide injection well,” as a well where carbon dioxide is injected for either enhanced hydrocarbon recovery or geologic storage. The bill directed the Kansas Corpor...
Example States and State Governments

Kansas Tax Incentives for CCS

Kansas Stat. Ann. 79-32,256 entitles a taxpayer to a deduction from Kansas adjusted gross income with respect to the amortization of the amortizable costs of carbon dioxide capture, sequestration or u...
Example States and State Governments

South Dakota Rules Regarding Carbon Dioxide Pipelines

In 2009, HB 1129 authorized the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission to regulate the integrity of CO2 pipelines used for transporting CO2 for enhanced oil recovery or geologic sequestration.
Resource Congress

Congressional Research Service Report, CO2 Pipelines for Carbon Sequestration

The Congressional Research Service’s 2008 report surveyed potential future CCS scenarios associated with decarbonizing the electric sector and determined that a dedicated interstate pipeline network w...
Resource Foreign

Accelerating the Uptake of CCS: Industrial Use of Captured Carbon Dioxide

The Global CCS Institute’s 2011 report, on industrial use of captured CO2 investigates existing and emerging uses of CO2 and reviews the potential to capture and reuse CO2 for industrial applications ...
Example Executive Branch

CarbonSAFE Initiative

The CarbonSAFE Initiative made awards in two phases. In Phase I, $15 million went to assess the pre-feasibility of sequestration projects. In Phase II, three projects in Illinois, North Dakota, and Mi...
Example Congress

American Reinvestment and Recovery Act CCS funding

The 2009 American Reinvestment and Recovery Act included $800 million for CCS technology for coal-fired plants, $1.52 billion for industrial CCS projects, and $1 billion for a stand-alone integrated p...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage in the Louisiana Chemical Corridor

This study identifies industrial CCS as a potential source of negative emissions in Louisiana, with the right policy changes. In Louisiana, industrial carbon emissions, driven primarily by refining an...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Executive Order: CCS Energy Purchase Policies for State and Local Government

This Model Executive Order identifies overarching environmental goals and some of the benefits that would result from (i) state agencies purchasing a minimum amount of CCS energy for use in buildings,...
Resource Congress

Carbon Capture Coalition Federal Policy Blueprint

The Carbon Capture Coalition’s 2019 Federal Policy Blueprint makes recommendations for expanding the federal portfolio of CCS R&D projects.
Example States and State Governments

Illinois’ SAFE CCS Act

Passed in July 2024, Illinois’ Safety and Aid for the Environment in Carbon Capture and Sequestration Act establishes regulations on carbon capture and storage, and places a two year moratorium on car...
Example States and State Governments

Louisiana Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2008, HB 1117 established procedures for the use of underground reservoirs for storage of CO2, including requiring a public hearing. In 2009, HB 661 further authorized parties injecting CO2 for geo...
Resource Executive Branch

Report, Accelerating Breakthrough Innovation in Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

DOE’s 2017 report aims to assess current gaps in CCS technologies and identify the most promising directions for basic research that is needed to achieve long-term global carbon management. These area...
Resource Private Entities

Carbon Capture Coalition FY 2020 CCS R&D Request

The Carbon Capture Coalition has lobbied federal appropriators on support for CCS research in the FY 2019 and FY 2020 budgets, calling for a $10M increase, to $208M, in DOE’s Fossil Energy’s Carbon Ca...
Resource Congress

Proposed Carbon Capture Modernization Act

The proposed Carbon Capture Modernization Act (2019) would correct design flaws in the 26 USC §48A CCS tax incentive program that have made it impossible for companies to access existing incentives to...
Resource Congress

Proposed USE IT Act

The proposed USE IT Act (S. 383 2019) would foster continued development and deployment of carbon capture by authorizing the EPA Administrator to coordinate with the Secretary of Energy on furthering ...
Resource Congress

Report, Long Term Liability for Carbon Capture and Storage in Depleted North American Oil and Gas Reservoirs

Ingelson et al.’s 2011 report surveys government efforts to manage long-term liability from carbon sequestration projects. It recommends a pooling approach to the management of remediation and reclama...
Example States and State Governments

Ohio Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2010, Ohio’s SB 165 established that the Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management has the authority to issue permits for underground injection of carbon dioxide for secondary or tertiary recove...
Example States and State Governments

Michigan RPS Advanced Cleaner Energy Sources

Comp. Laws §460.1047(7)(b)(iii) names plants that capture and sequester 85% or more of carbon emissions as eligible “advanced cleaner energy sources.” Advanced cleaner energy credits can be used to me...
Resource Congress

Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage

The Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage assesses the status of CCS technologies, current barriers to deployment, regulatory frameworks at the state and federal levels, a...
Resource Executive Branch

NETL Reports, Best Practices for Carbon Storage Systems

The National Energy Technology Laboratory publishes Best Practice Manuals focused on establishing uniform approaches for carrying out essential activities common to the success of all CCS projects, in...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Application of Advanced Technologies for CO2 Capture from Industrial Sources

Romano et al.’s 2013 report investigates the potential of new CO2 technologies in the application on the major industrial emitters.
Resource States and State Governments

C2ES Database on U.S. State Energy Financial Incentives for CCS

The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions maintains a map-based database of state financial incentives for CCS.
Example States and State Governments

West Virginia Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2009, HB 2860 authorized the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection to regulate carbon dioxide sequestration projects. The bill directed the agency to develop additional regulations t...
Resource Congress

Report, Putting the Puzzle Together: State and Federal Policy Drivers for Growing America’s Carbon Capture and CO2-EOR Industry

The Great Plains Institute, working with a task force including the state executives of Montana and Wyoming, published a 2016 report recommending a targeted package of federal incentives for CCS, whic...
Resource Congress

Report, Designing an Effective Regulatory Structure for CO2 Pipelines

Monast’s 2008 report, From Carbon Capture to Storage: Designing an Effective Regulatory Structure for CO2 Pipelines, provides an overview of the federal pipeline regulatory structure and the challenge...
Resource Foreign

Report, Policy Readiness for Offshore CO2 Storage in the Northeast

The Sabin Center’s 2017 report surveys applicable regulations for injecting CO2 offshore in state waters, federal waters (under the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act), and the high seas...
Resource States and State Governments

C2ES Rules for Carbon Transport and Storage Database

The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions maintains a map-based database cataloging state level rules on carbon transport and storage.
Example States and State Governments

Texas Common Carrier Rules Regarding Carbon Dioxide Pipelines

Chapter 111 of the Texas Code authorizes owners and operators of CO2 pipelines to have common carrier status if they consent in writing to being subject to the common carrier requirements. These requi...
Resource Congress

Report, Advancing Carbon Sequestration Research in an Uncertain Legal and Regulatory Environment

Hart’s 2009 report recommends the federal government adopt policies that provide a legal framework that supports CCS research, specifically a shield from property-related and long-term liabilities ass...
Example States and State Governments

North Dakota Tax Incentives for CCS

North Dakota’s Cent. Code Ann. §57-60-02.1 provides that a coal conversion facility that achieves a twenty percent capture of carbon dioxide emissions during a taxable period is entitled to a twenty p...
Resource Executive Branch

DOE Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Funding

In April 2020, DOE announced up to $131 million for carbon capture, utilization, and storage R&D projects through one new funding opportunity announcement and the winners of five project selections fr...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Regulation for Underground Storage of CO2 Passed by US States

Javedan’s 2011 report provides an overview of state regulation of underground storage through the lens of key issues including liability, pore space ownership, CO2 and mineral rights ownership, and mo...
Resource States and State Governments

Hawaii’s Soil Sequestration Subsidies

In July 2022, Hawaii passed a law establishing the Hawaii Carbon Smart Land Management Assistance Pilot Program. The program will incentivize carbon sequestration activities through incentive contract...
Resource Private Entities

Report, The Cost of Carbon Capture

Rubin et al.’s 2015 report in the Journal for Greenhouse Gas Control assesses the current costs of CCS in new fossil fuel plants. It shows that while the capital requirements for installing carbon cap...
Example States and State Governments

Pennsylvania’s Carbon Capture and Sequestration Act

In July 2024, Pennsylvania enacted SB 831, or the Carbon Capture and Sequestration Act, into law. The law declares carbon dioxide storage to be in the public interest and provides a regulatory framewo...
Example States and State Governments

Ohio’s Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard

Ohio Rev. Code §4928.01(34)(c) names plants using “clean coal technology that includes the design capability to control or prevent the emission of carbon dioxide” as eligible alternative energy source...
Example States and State Governments

New Mexico Eminent Domain Rules for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines

In New Mexico, carbon dioxide pipeline project sponsors have eminent domain authority. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 70-3-5 lays out the legislature’s standard. A 1984 Attorney General Opinion (146) suggested tha...
Resource Congress

Report, Sequestering Carbon Dioxide Undersea in the Atlantic: Legal Problems and Solutions

This 2018 report outlines the key legal requirements for injecting carbon dioxide into the seabed off the northeast coast of the U.S. It distinguishes the legal requirements for injections in “state w...
Example States and State Governments

New York performance standards for major electric generating facilities

NY Comp. Codes R. and Regs. Tit. 6 § 251.3 establishes CO2 performance standards for major electric generating facilities, ranging from 925 pounds of CO2/MWh gross electrical output for new and modifi...
Example States and State Governments

Illinois Clean Coal Portfolio Standard

The Illinois Clean Coal Portfolio Standard of 2009 targets CCS project development and deployment. The CCPS provides tax credits for facilities that capture at least 50 percent of their total CO2 emis...
Example Congress

EPA Underground Injection Control Program

The EPA’s UIC program regulates and clarifies the use of enhanced oil recovery wells for sequestration. The UIC program was established by the Safe Drinking Water Act, and its Class II and VI wells re...
Example States and State Governments

California CCS protocol under the Low Carbon Fuel Standard

In 2017, the California Air Resources Board issued a concept paper for a regulatory program on carbon capture and storage. In 2018, the Air Resources Board issued a Carbon Capture and Sequestration Pr...
Example Executive Branch

Existing NSPS for New Coal Generation

In 2015, New Source Performance Standards were promulgated for new coal-fired plants at 80 Fed. Reg. 64510. These established partial CCS as the Best System of Emissions Reduction. In 2018, EPA propos...
Example States and State Governments

Illinois RPS Clean Coal Carveout

20 Ill. Comp. Stat. 3855/1-75(d)(1) requires electric utilities to procure at least 5% of their total energy supply from “clean coal” facilities. 20 Ill. Comp. Stat. 3855/1-10 defines clean coal facil...
Resource Executive Branch

NETL report, Carbon Capture and Sequestration Approaches for NGCC Systems

NETL’s 2010 report surveys case studies of carbon capture at NGCC plants, including post-, pre-, and oxy-combustion, and their performance factors.
Example States and State Governments

Montana prohibition on acquiring coal plants without CCS

Montana prohibits the commission from approving an application for the acquisition of an equity interest or lease in a facility or equipment used to generate electricity that is primarily fueled by co...
Resource Congress

Report, A Review of the CO2 Pipeline Infrastructure in the US

DOE’s 2015 report summarizes current and potential expansions to the CO2 pipeline network in the US, and provides an overview of permitting, regulation, and policies at the federal and state levels.
Example States and State Governments

New Mexico Tax Incentives for CCS

NM Stat. Ann. 7-2-18.25 provides an advanced energy tax credit for coal facilities that capture and sequester or control CO2 emissions so that no more than one thousand one hundred pounds per megawatt...
Resource Private Entities

MIT CC&ST Project and CCUS Center

The Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Program at MIT conducted research into technologies to capture, utilize, and store CO2 from large stationary sources from 2000 through 2016. The CC&ST...
Resource Executive Branch

Model NSPS for New Natural Gas Generation

LPDD suggests that, in the near term, NSPS for new combined cycle natural gas plants require at least partial carbon capture, modifying 40 CFR pt. 60 subpt. TTTT tbl. 2 to reflect a 551 lb CO2/MWh gro...
Example Executive Branch

DOE Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Funding

In 2017, DOE announced $36 million dollars in funding for advanced carbon capture technologies. The funding was divided between four awards totaling $30 million demonstrating the scaling of carbon cap...
Resource States and State Governments

C2ES Rules for Carbon Transport and Storage Database

The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions maintains a map-based database cataloging state level rules on carbon transport and storage.
Example States and State Governments

California GHG emissions standards

California Cal. Pub. Util. Code §8341 effectively requires the use of CCS at new coal plants by means of an emissions standard no higher than the rate of emissions of greenhouse gases for combined-cyc...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Technical and Economic Characteristic of a CO2 Transmission Pipeline Infrastructure

Serpa et al.’s 2011 report identifies the technical elements that comprise a CO2 pipeline network, provides an overview of equipment selection and design, and identifies the costs of designing and con...
Example States and State Governments

Wyoming special revenue account for CCS maintenance

Wyoming has established an industry-funded trust fund for measurement, monitoring, and verification of CCS injection sites after site closure.
Example Congress

Clean Coal Power Initiative

The Clean Coal Power Initiative was authorized to distribute $200 million for each fiscal year between 2006 and 2014 to support “clean” coal projects. The third round of funding under this program inc...
Resource Executive Branch

Congressional Research Service Brief on Clean Coal Tax Incentives

A 2014 Congressional Research Service brief provides a survey of clean coal loan guarantees and tax incentives.
Example States and State Governments

Wyoming Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2008, HB 89 clarified that the ownership of the pore space is vested in the owners of the surface land. Surface owner may sever ownership of pore space. In 2009, HB 80 established a process for uni...
Example States and State Governments

Oklahoma Rules on Carbon Injections

In 2009, SB 610 authorized the Oklahoma Corporation Commission to regulate CO2 injection for storage in oil, gas, coal-bed methane, and mineral brine reservoirs. The bill provides exclusive jurisdicti...
Resource Congress

Carbon Dioxide Removal Law Database

CDRLaw.org is an annotated bibliography of legal materials pertaining to carbon dioxide removal, and to utilization and storage of carbon dioxide. The site was created by the Sabin Center for Climate ...
Resource Executive Branch

DOE report, Siting and Regulating Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Infrastructure Workshop Report

DOE’s 2017 report surveys existing and potential CCS infrastructure, state and federal incentives, and state and federal policy regarding pipelines and storage.
Example States and State Governments

Kentucky Eminent Domain Rules for CO2 Pipelines

In 2011, SB 50 authorized the exercise of eminent domain authority for carbon dioxide pipelines which have received construction certificates from the Kentucky State Board on Electric Generation and S...
Resource Congress

Proposed EFFECT Act

The proposed EFFECT Act (S. 1201, 2019) would update and strengthen the DOE Office of Fossil Energy’s RDD&D objectives and programs for carbon capture, utilization, removal and storage. The legislatio...
Resource Private Entities

Report, Overview of Carbon Capture Technology: Microalgal Biorefinery Concept and State-of-the-Art

Singh and Dhar’s 2019 report provides a brief yet comprehensive review of the present carbon sequestration and utilization technologies, focusing primarily on biological CO2 capture by microalgae in t...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, A Policy, Legal, and Regulatory Evaluation of the Feasibility of a National Pipeline Infrastructure for the Transport and Storage of Carbon Dioxide

The Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission’s 2010 report surveys possible future regulatory scenarios for carbon dioxide pipelines.
Example States and State Governments

Kentucky Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2011, HB 259 directed CO2 storage operators to make good faith attempts to acquire the rights to pore space needed for long-term storage from the owners. If a storage operator has made good faith e...
Example States and State Governments

Oregon CO2 emissions standards for power plants

ORS §469.501(1) empowers the Energy Facility Siting Council to adopt standards for the siting, construction, operation and retirement of facilities. For energy facilities that emit carbon dioxide, the...
Example States and State Governments

Montana Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2009, SB 498 created a presumption that the surface owner of a property is also the owner of the subsurface geologic storage reservoir unless deeds or severance documents establish that a different...
Example States and State Governments

North Dakota Common Carrier Rules for CO2 Pipelines

The N.D.C.C. § 49-19-01 et seq. identifies CO2 pipelines as eligible for common carrier status. CO2 transport pipeline owners and operators may apply for a right-of-way to construct pipelines over pub...
Example Congress

Federal sequestration tax credit

26 USC §45Q creates a tax credit for the sequestration of carbon dioxide captured from an industrial source. Beginning in 2008, investment tax credits of $20 per metric ton of CO2 and $10 per captured...
Example States and State Governments

Louisiana CCS liability release regulation

Louisiana has enacted legislation to limit private liability for sequestration of captured carbon dioxide by transferring ownership of sequestered carbon dioxide to the state after 10 years (contingen...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, From EOR to CCS

Marston and Moore’s 2008 report discusses state regulatory frameworks for carbon dioxide pipelines as currently exists to support the EOR industry. It identifies those aspects of the existing regulato...
Resource Private Entities

Integrated Environmental Control Model

Carnegie Mellon University’s Integrated Environmental Control Model is a free, public, power plant modeling tool that provides systematic estimates of the performance, fuel consumption, emissions, and...
Resource Private Entities

Report, An Engineering-Economic Model of Pipeline Transport of CO2 with Application to Carbon Capture and Storage

McCoy and Rubin’s 2008 report estimates total cost and the cost per ton of transporting varying amounts of CO2 over a range of distances for different regions of the continental United States. An engi...
Resource Private Entities

Global CCS Institute reports and database

The Global CCS Institute is an international think tank whose mission is to accelerate the deployment of CCS. The Global CCS Institute Project Database tracks 51 large-scale CCS facilities globally – ...
Resource Executive Branch

Model NSPS for New Coal Generation

The LPDD report proposes that NSPS standards for coal can be enhanced beyond the 2015 level. LPDD suggests that NSPS for new coal-fired units require full carbon dioxide capture (i.e., 90%), modifying...
Resource Executive Branch

NETL Studies on the Economic Feasibility of CO2 Capture

Through 2015, DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory published reports on carbon capture systems analysis. NETL conducted various energy analyses that provide input to decisions on issues such as...
Example States and State Governments

Texas Tax Incentives for CCS

Texas Tax Code Ann. §171.602 provides for a Clean Energy Tax Credit, which applies to projects sequestering at least 70 percent of the carbon dioxide resulting from or associated with the generation o...
Example States and State Governments

Indiana’s RPS-eligible clean power sources

Code §8-1-37-4(17) defines RPS-eligible clean power sources as including those described in § 8-1-8.8-2, which includes “advanced technologies that reduce regulated air emissions from or increase the ...
Resource Congress

Report, Capturing Investment: Policy Design to Finance CCUS Projects in the U.S. Power Sector

The Columbia University Center on Global Energy Policy’s 2020 report examines which policies might work to stimulate investment for CCUS projects in the U.S. power sector, including capital incentives...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Assessment of Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plants for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage in a Gas-Dominated Electricity Market

Holden’s 2014 report for the California Energy Commission evaluates CO2 capture technology options for use on NGCC plants; compares and contrasts CO2 capture on other fossil plant technologies to CO2 ...
Resource Congress

Proposed Carbon Capture Improvement Act of 2017

The Proposed Carbon Capture Improvement Act of 2017 would have amended the Internal Revenue Code to authorize the issuance of tax-exempt facility bonds for the financing of qualified carbon dioxide ca...
Resource Congress

Proposed CLEAN Future Act (2020)

The proposed Climate Leadership and Environmental Action for our Nation’s (CLEAN) Future Act (2020) is a large, economy-wide climate bill released by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Among ...
Resource Congress

Congressional Research Service Brief on Clean Coal Loan Guarantees

A 2014 Congressional Research Service brief provides a survey of clean coal loan guarantees and tax incentives.
Model Law Congress

LPDD Model Law: Ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal Research

This model legislation would create a new legal framework specifically for ocean CDR research. The new framework is designed to achieve the dual goals of facilitating needed ocean CDR research, while ...
Resource Congress

Carbon Capture Coalition’s 2019 Federal Policy Blueprint

The Carbon Capture Coalition’s 2019 Federal Policy Blueprint analyzes challenges to implementing §45Q CCS tax credits, as well as other tax policies needed for investment certainty and technology depl...
Resource Congress

Report, Opportunities and Limits of CO2 Recycling in a Circular Carbon Economy

This report, part of the Carbon Management Research Initiative at Columbia University’s Center on Global Policy, examines 19 CO2 recycling pathways to understand the opportunities and the technical an...
Example Congress

Federal Loan Guarantees for Clean Coal Technologies

Title XVII of the Environmental Policy Act of 2005 provides broad authority for the Department of Energy to guarantee loans for innovative projects, including clean coal projects. DOE made $8.5 billio...
Example States and State Governments

Indiana Tax Incentives for Coal Gasification

Indiana Code Annotated 6-3.1-29-14 provides for a Coal Gasification Technology Investment Tax Credit.
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts Original Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard

Massachusetts’ 2008 Green Communities Act originally named gasification facilities with carbon captures technologies as one of five eligible alternative energy sources under the state’s Alternative En...
Model Law Executive Branch

LPDD Model Instruction Memorandum: Geologic Carbon Sequestration on Federal Lands

This model document proposes an update to the Bureau of Land Management’s Instruction Memorandum (IM) for geologic carbon sequestration (GS) on federal lands, which had been limited to information gat...
Example States and State Governments

Montana Tax Incentives for CCS

Montana Code Ann. § §15-24-3111 provides that carbon sequestration equipment, clean advanced coal research and development equipment, and coal gasification facilities for which carbon dioxide is seque...
Resource Executive Branch

Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships

Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships cover 43 US states and four Canadian provinces. Their goal since 2008 has been to implement eight large-scale (defined as sequestering one million metric ton...
Example States and State Governments

Kansas HB 2419

Kansas’ HB 2419 (2007) provides for income tax reductions and abatement of property taxes applicable to the power plant and the sequestration site for a generation project that sequesters CO2.
Example Congress

Federal tax incentives for clean coal power generation facilities

26 USC §48A allows up to a 30% tax credit for qualifying advanced coal projects generating electricity that also capture and sequester 65% or more of their carbon dioxide emissions. 26 USC §48B allows...
Resource Congress

Model Legislation: The Carbon Capture and Sequestration Regulatory Act of 2010

The CCSReg Project’s model legislation on CCS aimed to establish a comprehensive system for the safe and effective transport and geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. It addresses siting and const...
Resource Executive Branch

NETL Carbon Storage Atlas

The NETL Carbon Storage Atlas is intended to provide a coordinated update of CCS potential across the United States and other portions of North America. DOE has released five versions of the atlas wit...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Legislation for the Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) involves capturing carbon dioxide at power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, cement plants and other sources, compressing the carbon dioxide and transpor...
Example States and State Governments

North Dakota Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2009, SB 2139 prohibited surface property owners from severing title to the subsurface pore space, although the surface owner may lease the pore space. In 2009, SB 2095 established permit requireme...
Resource Private Entities

Report, An Overview of Current Status of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Technologies

Leung, Caramanna, and Maroto-Valer’s 2014 report reviews various aspects of CCS including the state-of-the-art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and li...
Example States and State Governments

Texas Rules Regarding Pore Space

In 2009, SB 1387 established the criteria under which the Railroad Commission of Texas may issue a permit for CO2 injection for geologic storage. In addition to health and safety criteria, there is a ...
Resource Congress

Report, Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Regulation

Nordhaus and Pitlick’s 2009 report in The Energy Law Journal suggests a regulatory framework to better support construction of the new CO2 pipeline infrastructure necessary for widespread deployment o...
Example States and State Governments

Utah’s Energy Resource Procurement Act

Utah Code Ann. §54-17-602(1)(a) provides that 20% of Utah’s adjusted electricity sales should be from qualifying electricity or renewable energy certificates by 2025. Utah Code Ann. §54-17-601 defines...
Example States and State Governments

Louisiana statute permitting eminent domain for CO2 pipelines

In 2009, HB 661 authorized parties injecting CO2 for geologic storage projects approved by the Louisiana Commissioner of Conservation to expropriate surface rights and other property interests to buil...
Example States and State Governments

Wyoming Pipeline Corridor Initiative

The Wyoming Pipeline Corridor Initiative is a proposal that would designate approximately 1,150 miles of BLM-managed lands in Wyoming for CO2 pipelines. The WPCI proposal designates a statewide pipeli...
Example States and State Governments

Wyoming Eminent Domain Rules for CO2 Pipelines

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 1-26-814 holds that CO2 pipeline companies may exercise eminent domain authority to obtain easements required for constructing, operating, and maintaining their pipelines.
Example States and State Governments

Illinois Eminent Domain Rules for CO2 Pipelines

In 2011, SB 1821 identified procedures for the Illinois Commerce Commission to authorize the construction of carbon dioxide pipelines, including through the exercise of eminent domain authority to acq...