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Light-Duty Vehicles

To reduce the United States’ GHG emissions by at least 80% from 1990 levels by 2050 will require multiple legal pathways for changing its transportation fuel sources. The DDPP reports characterize the transformation required of the transportation system as part of the third pillar of fundamental changes required in the U.S. energy system: “fuel switching of end uses to electricity and other low-carbon supplies.” Relying upon the 2015 DDPP analysis, the chapter addresses that challenge as applied to light-duty vehicles (LDVs) such as cars and sport utility vehicles. Specifically, the DDPP authors anticipate two changes required for our LDV fleet by 2050: (1) increased fuel economy standards in excess of 100 miles per gallon; and (2) deployment of approximately 300 million alternative fuel vehicles, which for purposes of the chapter consists of electric vehicles (EVs), hybrids (electric and gas), and hydrogen vehicles. The goal is to shift 80%-95% of the miles driven from gasoline to lower carbon energy sources like electricity and hydrogen. The chapter identifies key legal pathways to advance these two goals, focusing on actions to both facilitate the growth of alternative fuel vehicles and to limit the production and use of gas and diesel-fueled vehicles.

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Top Ten Resources on Light-Duty Vehicles: To help users take a brief survey of some of our favorite materials from this pathway, the MCLI team has drafted a "Top 10" resources list for state and local governments trying to address Light-Duty Vehicles. Check it out here.

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215 resources

Resource States and State Governments

RMI report, State Energy Policy in a Land of New Federal Opportunity

The Rocky Mountain Institute offers this 2024 guide to new and expanded federal funding programs, and highlights opportunities for states to pass and pay for clean energy policies. The report highligh...
Example States and State Governments

Colorado Legislation for E-Bike, Diesel Truck Replacement, Electric School Buses, and Clean Air Grants

In June 2022, the Colorado legislature passed SB193, establishing grant programs for replacing diesel trucks ($15M), purchasing electric school buses ($65M), the purchase of E-Bikes ($12M), and a gene...
Example States and State Governments

Oregon’s SB 1044

Oregon’s SB 1044 requires the Oregon Department of Energy to develop recommend strategies to the legislature to spur EV adoption, if it determines the state is not on track to meet its goals. It would...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey’s Model Statewide Municipal EV Ordinance

In September 2021, New Jersey promulgated a statewide municipal ordinance streamlining the local approval process for installing charging infrastructure. The model ordinance, which provides minimum re...
Example Public Utilities

Illinois Transportation Electrification Proceeding

In furtherance of a 2018 Transportation Electrification proceeding, the Illinois Commerce Commission opened a 2020 Notice of Inquiry to explore electricity rate design options related to the adoption ...
Example States and State Governments

Delaware Clean Vehicle Rebate Program

The Delaware Clean Vehicle Rebate Program offers incentives up to $3,500 for EVs, as well as lesser rebates for hybrids and natural gas vehicles.
Example Executive Branch

Los Angeles Air Force Base Vehicle-to-Grid Pilot

In 2013, a small fleet at the Los Angeles Air Force Base was the testbed for a successful vehicle-to-grid services pilot. The vehicles provided services over five minute intervals to balance energy su...
Resource Local Governments

Local Government Plug-in Electric Vehicle Toolkit

This toolkit from the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency provides an overview of the key considerations for local governments who are seeking to support the deployment of PEV charging infrastructure.
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Getting to 20 Million EVs by 2030: Opportunities for the Electricity Industry in Preparing for an EV Future

This 2020 Brattle Group presentation provides an assessment of the investments needed across the electric power sector to support the deployment of 20 million EVs in the U.S. by 2030 with a focus on E...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey’s S2252 (2020)

New Jersey’s S2252 establishes a Statewide public plug-in electric vehicle charging system. The bill directs a working group of state agencies to develop a Statewide plan for installing at least 600 p...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Tax Credits for EV Charging Stations

This model law would establish a credit against state income tax and further incentivize the development of EV charging infrastructure in the state. The model law provides for different levels of tax ...
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts 2050 Decarbonization Roadmap

Under the framework of Massachusetts’ Global Warming Solutions Act, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has committed to achieving Net Zero GHG emissions by 2050. Commissioned by the Executive Office of...
Example States and State Governments

Connecticut’s SB 4

In May 2022, Connecticut passed legislation addressing government EV fleets, charging rights, and distributed solar rights. On government fleets, SB4 (2022) sets a requirement for state vehicle fleets...
Example Local Governments

Arcadia’s EV-Ready Ordinance

Arcadia’s Code of Ordinances (2018) provides that in the Site Plan and Design Review process, the responsible Reviewing Authority has authority to require that parking facilities be provided to accomm...
Resource States and State Governments

ACEEE Report, Siting Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment with Equity in Mind

This April 2021 report from ACEEE analyzes the extent to which states and utilities are including equity in their EVSE siting and offers considerations to help ensure the benefits of transportation el...
Resource States and State Governments

California’s Autonomous EV Mandate

This bill requires, beginning January 1, 2030, an autonomous vehicle operating on a public road in California to be a zero-emission vehicle. It was signed into law in September 2021. By confronting th...
Example Local Governments

Mountlake Terrace EV Infrastructure Building Requirements

Mountlake Terrace’s Municipal Code (2010) requires a minimum percentage of parking spaces be equipped with EV infrastructure on new and improved developments over 10,000 sf. The required percentage of...
Example Foreign

Canadian Federal Feebate

In March 2007, the Canadian Government announced the Vehicle Efficiency Incentive (VEI) program, which contained an “ecoAuto” rebate for up to $2,000 CAD for purchases of fuel-efficient vehicles and a...
Example States and State Governments

Virginia EV-Ready Public Building Code

Virginia adopted EV-Ready building standards for new county, city, town, or school buildings larger than 5,000 square feet.
Model Law Congress

LPDD Model Law: Federal Hydrogen Refueling Station Funding Act

The lack of infrastructure for out-of-state travel is a major impediment to the adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), and there is a need to increase the number of hydrogen fueling stations...
Resource Congress

The Inflation Reduction Act

New: The Sabin Center for Climate Change Law and Environmental Defense Fund are announcing the launch of an additional resource on the Inflation Reduction Act Tracker website: the IRA litigation case ...
Resource Local Governments

Local Government Playbook: How Counties, Cities, and Towns Can Support EV Infrastructure and Leverage Federal Investments

A December 2022 from the Electrification Coalition, a nonpartisan organization that promotes the adoption of EVs, lays out a road map for city and county governments to follow to expand access to elec...
Resource Public Utilities

RAP Report, Start with Smart

The Regulatory Assistance Project’s 2020 report, Start with Smart: Promising practices for integrating electric vehicles into the grid, outlines policies that can promote the use of EVs on the grid, a...
Example Local Governments

Seattle’s Drive Clean Initiative and EV-Ready Codes

Seattle’s Drive Clean Initiative is working to develop a network of off-street charging station clusters, and promote an EV charging pilot program that allows the installation an Electric Vehicle (EV)...
Example States and State Governments

Maryland Electric School Bus Pilot

Maryland’s HB 696 (2022) establishes an Electric School Bus (ESB) pilot program administered by the Public Service Commission. Under the program, a utility may apply to implement a pilot program to de...
Example States and State Governments

Florida’s SB 7018 (2020)

Florida’s SB 7018 (2020) requires the Florida Department of Transportation, in coordination with the Public Service Commission and the Office of Energy within the Department of Agriculture and Consume...
Example Public Utilities

New York’s Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Make-Ready Program (2020)

In July 2020, the NY Public Service Commission approved a $700 million program funded by electric bills to help build more than 55,000 chargers by paying a portion of the transmission upgrades and sit...
Example States and State Governments

New Hampshire’s SB 575 and Time of Use Rates for EVs

On August 11, 2018, New Hampshire’s SB 575, a bill establishing requirements for, and restrictions on, electric vehicle charging stations, went into effect. SB 575 required the state’s Public Utility ...
Example Local Governments

California’s Clean Vehicle Rebate Project

California’s Clean Vehicle Rebate Project extends traditional rebates to private purchasers of EVs to public entities operating light duty vehicles, while funds are available. Standard funding amounts...
Resource States and State Governments

Report on Colorado Zero Emission Vehicle Program

The Environmental Defense Fund prepared a 2019 study on the impacts of Colorado adopting ZEV standards in line with California’s ZEV regulation, finding that the program would save Coloradans up to $6...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Demand Charges Legislation

In many jurisdictions, the current rate structure for electrical service discourages the development of high-performing DC fast chargers for electric vehicles. Electricity bills in those jurisdictions...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Statute on HOV Lane Benefits

State governments can encourage the purchase of “super ultra-low emission vehicles” or “SULEVs” by allowing such SULEVs to use high occupancy vehicle or HOV lanes without regard to the number of passe...
Example States and State Governments

Washington’s 2030 Gas-Powered Car Phaseout Bill

In March, 2022, Washington State enacted a bill requiring a planning process aiming to prohibit the sale or registration of gas-powered vehicles in the state by 2030, the fastest such target in the na...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: Electric Bike Rebates

Since E Bikes are orders of magnitude less expensive than other types of AFVs, government subsidies aimed at increasing E Bike mode share could achieve GHG reductions at a relatively modest cost. More...
Example States and State Governments

Colorado’s SB 167

Colorado authorizes EV manufacturers that have no existing dealer franchise to be able to sell their vehicles directly to customers.
Resource Public Utilities

Report, Critical Elements of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Economics

A 2017 NREL report, Critical Elements of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Economics, surveys critical elements of V2G economics, including the elements and costs of a V2G system, V2G revenue-generating services ...
Example States and State Governments

California AB 841

Requires not less than 35% of the investments through existing electric vehicles charging infrastructure funding streams to be deployed in underserved communities, as defined. The bill also requires a...
Resource States and State Governments

Virginia’s Advanced Clean Cars Program

In March 2021, Virginia adopted HB1965, creating an Advanced Clean Cars Program. This bill expands the powers and duties of the State Air Pollution Control Board relating to low emissions vehicles (LE...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey Law on EV Charging in Common Interest Developments

New Jersey’s A3367 (2020) establishes standards to encourage the installation and use of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in common interest communities. Specifically, the bill prohibits common...
Resource States and State Governments

Rhode Island’s EV Charger Rebate Program

Rhode Island recently launched a new rebate program to encourage the installation of EV charging infrastructure on residential properties. The PowerUpRI initiative will provide the lesser of $700 or 5...
Resource States and State Governments

RAP report, Insights for States Preparing for Electric Transportation

RAP’s 2020 report, Taking First Steps: Insights for States Preparing for Electric Transportation, surveys topics of concern for states trying to increase electric vehicle penetration, including managi...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Statute Providing Rebates for Electric Vehicles

The LPDD team drafted the attached model state statute offering rebates for purchases of battery electric vehicles (“BEVs”) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (“PHEVs”) (collectively “EVs”) with a m...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey’s S3223 (2021)

New Jersey’s S3223 (2021) provides that electric vehicle charging infrastructure is an inherently beneficial use pursuant to the “Municipal Land Use Law,” may require minor site plan approval from the...
Example Local Governments

NYC Clean Fleet Initiative

By 2025, the NYC Clean Fleet Initiative will add 2,000 EVs to the existing municipal fleet of 27,152.
Example States and State Governments

Colorado’s Innovative Motor Vehicle and Truck Credits

Colorado’s Innovative Motor Vehicle and Truck Credits provide tax credits between $5,000 and $10,000 for the purchase of light to medium duty cars and trucks.
Resource States and State Governments

California’s AB33 (2021)

In September 2021, the California legislature passed AB33, creating low-interest loans and grants for local governments to install energy storage and zero-emission vehicle infrastructure. The bill req...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Income Tax Credit Legislation For Purchasing New AFVs

This proposed state income tax credit legislation is designed to create economic incentives for the purchase or lease of Alternative Fuel Vehicles. The proposed legislation provides for options to the...
Example Public Utilities

Seattle’s City Light Off-Peak Hours

Seattle’s City Light program offers EV owners lower charging rates during off-peak hours vs peak hours, at a ratio of 4.3 cents/kWh vs. 6.5 cents/kWh, in addition to a much lower demand charge.
Example States and State Governments

Minnesota Clean Cars Program

In May 2021, an Administrative Law Judge in Minnesota ruled that the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) could move forward with its Clean Cars Minnesota Program, which will see the state adopt ...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: Installation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Common-Interest Developments

This proposed statute seeks to remove and foreclose covenants that restrict modifications needed to install electric vehicle charging stations in common-interest developments, such as condominiums. It...
Resource Local Governments

Report, Creating EV-Ready Towns and Cities

Creating EV-Ready Towns and Cities (2012), prepared by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, offered key findings on how municipalities can support EV-penetration through zonin...
Model Law Congress

LPDD Model Law: Federal Statute Providing Tax Credits for Hydrogen Refueling Stations

The lack of infrastructure for out-of-state travel is a major impediment to the adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), and there is a need to increase the number of hydrogen fueling stations...
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts’ MOR-EV program

Massachusetts’ MOR-EV program provides rebates of up to $2,500 for qualifying battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) up to a $50,000 final purchase price. Additionall...
Example Public Utilities

Oregon’s Charging Program for Utility PacifiCorp

In 2018, the Orgeon PUC adopted a stipulation for PacifiCorp to conduct three pilot programs through 2019 and to develop a cost-effectiveness framework and pilot study on the potential system impacts ...
Example Foreign

Ontario’s Feebate Program (1989-2010)

Ontario’s Tax and Credit for Fuel Conservation or feebate program was operational from 1989 to 2010. Under the fee schedule in place from 1991 through the end of the program, the program offered rebat...
Resource Executive Branch

DOE’s EV Readiness Scorecard and Tools

DOE’s Vehicle Technologies Office houses EV Readiness Scorecard tools, designed to help estimate how much charging infrastructure a locality might need, determine how much exists now, and calculate th...
Example States and State Governments

Georgia Code 32-9-4

Under Georgia Code 32-9-4, plug-in electric vehicles are eligible for the HOV lane with the correct license plate displayed.
Resource Public Utilities

ACEEE Report: Utility Transportation Electrification Planning – Emerging Practices to Support EV Deployment

In September 2022, ACEEE published a report on state transportation planning, highlighting practices to support increased EV deployment. As some states require utilities to submit comprehensive plans ...
Example States and State Governments

Delaware’s Requirement for Curbside Charging Procedures in Municipalities

In June 2022, Delaware enacted a law that requires municipalities with a population over 30,000 to develop a procedure to obtain permission for the installation of an electric vehicle charging station...
Resource States and State Governments

RAP Legislative Roadmap for Electric Transportation

The Regulatory Assistance Project has assembled resources for legislators interested in accelerating electric vehicle deployment. This legislative kit includes a policy guide, model legislation, fact ...
Example States and State Governments

Connecticut Hydrogen and Electric Automobile Purchase Rebate

The Connecticut Hydrogen and Electric Automobile Purchase Rebate offers incentives of up to $5,000 for Connecticut residents who purchase or lease an eligible battery electric, plug-in hybrid electric...
Example States and State Governments

Hawaii’s Revised Statutes § 196-7.5

Hawaii’s Revised Statutes § 196-7.5 prohibits multi-unit dwellings from preventing a unit owner from placing an EV charging system on or near the owner’s parking stall.
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Local Ordinance Expediting Permitting for EV Charging Stations

Permitting decisions for EV charging stations are made at the local level, and there is tremendous variation in the levels of expertise and experience among the local authorities having jurisdiction (...
Example States and State Governments

Maryland Tax Credits and Equipment Rebates for EVs

Maryland’s Excise Tax Credit for Plug-In Electric Vehicles provides up to $3,000 in tax credits for purchase of a plug-in electric or hybrid vehicle (although limited funds may be exhausted in a given...
Example States and State Governments

Utah EV Charging Legislation (2020)

In 2020, Utah passed multiple important pieces of legislation to move ahead on vehicle electrification, including HB 259, which calls on the state transportation agency to develop a statewide plan for...
Example Public Utilities

Proposed California EV Charger Deployment Rules

Facing a potential gap in the number of installed electric vehicle chargers needed to meet the state’s clean transportation goals, the California Public Utilities Commission released proposed rules to...
Resource States and State Governments

PEV Policy Evaluation Rubirc

The National Association of State Energy Officials published a 2018 report, PEV Policy Evaluation Rubric, which helps users to evaluate the strength and weakness of all PEV-related policies in a metro...
Model Law Congress

LPDD Model Law: Federal Income Tax Credit Legislation For Purchasing Used Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Some studies suggest that AFVs depreciate faster than internal combustion vehicles. Two main reasons AFVs depreciate faster than internal combustion vehicles are (i) the rapid pace that technology is ...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Municipal Ordinance for Alternative Fuel Vehicle Parking Benefits

This model legislation provides for free parking on the street and in municipal garages for alternative fuel vehicles through 2030. It provides multiple options for defining qualifying vehicles, expir...
Resource Executive Branch

Executive Order 14008

EO 14088, one of the first Executive Orders signed during the Biden Administration, has been hailed as “a mini Green New Deal” in effect. It has several disparate provisions aimed at climate and clima...
Resource Local Governments

Report, Capturing the Federal EV Tax Credit for Public Fleets

Capturing the Federal EV Tax Credit for Public Fleets (2017), a report by the EV Smart Fleet coalition, provides a case study on electric fleet procurement in Alameda County, California.
Example States and State Governments

California’s proposed “Clean Car Discount”

California’s proposed “Clean Car Discount” program (AB493-Ruskin) was designed to impose a fee of up to $2,500 on new, high carbon emitting vehicles (starting with 2011 models), and then rebating the ...
Example States and State Governments

Vermont’s HB 529 (2019)

In June 2019, Vermont passed HB 529, which increased public transit funding, offered financial incentives for plug-in electric vehicles, and set a 2021 target to make 75% of purchased or leased vehicl...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Clean Fleet Legislation

This LPDD model legislation can be enacted on the state or local level to establish a “Green Fleet Transition” program in the enacting jurisdiction. It would establish an orderly process for the trans...
Example States and State Governments

California’s ZEV Regulation and Other Participating States

California’s ZEV regulation requires automobile companies to produce a certain percentage of ZEVs for sale in California, such as hydrogen fuel cell, batter electric, and hybrid vehicles. The ZEV mand...
Resource Public Utilities

California Vehicle-Grid Integration Final report (2020)

A 2019 Ruling of the California Public Utility Commission tasked a Working Group with addressing the following questions: (a) What Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI) use cases can provide value now, and h...
Example Local Governments

Rohnert Park Gas Station Ban

In March 2022, Rohnert Park adopted an ordinance that effectively and permanently prohibit construction of new gas stations. The ordinance will take effect in April. Enacting the ordinance will make R...
Example Public Utilities

Report, Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI) Roadmap: Enabling vehicle-based grid services

The California ISO released a 2014 report, Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI) Roadmap: Enabling vehicle-based grid services, which outlined a high-level statewide plan to ensure charging is coordinated wi...
Example States and State Governments

New York’s Drive Clean Rebate

New York’s Drive Clean Rebate offers a $2,000 rebate for new EV leases or purchases on up to 40 qualifying EV models.
Example States and State Governments

New York’s Proposed ZEV Mandate

New York’s proposed S. 9008 (2020) provides that one hundred percent of in-state sales of new passenger cars and trucks shall be zero-emissions by two thousand thirty-five, medium-duty and heavy-duty ...
Resource Congress

Proposed America’s Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019

The proposed America’s Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019 would earmark $1 billion in funding for competitive grants to support the development of fueling infrastructure for electric, natural g...
Example States and State Governments

New York’s Clean Deliveries Act

New York’s S2127C (2024) directs the state to review emissions related to large warehouses and require warehouse operators to choose from an array of actions to minimize pollution. The legislation als...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Executive Order: Green Fleets

This LPDD model executive order can be used to establish a state or local “Green Fleet Transition” program. The Model Order begins with the identification of some of the benefits that would result fro...
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts Requirements to Purchase Hybrid or Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 7, Section 9A requires that the state purchase hybrid or alternative fuel vehicles to the maximum extent feasible, at a rate of not less than 5 per cent annually for...
Resource States and State Governments

Massachusetts Proposed Act Driving Climate Policy Forward

In March, 2022, the Massachusetts Senate unveiled a sweeping climate bill aimed at helping the state meet its net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goal by 2050, which had been previously stipulated in 20...
Resource Local Governments

Sierra Club Model State and Local Policies to Accelerate Electric Vehicle Adoption

The Sierra Club’s 2018 report, Model State & Local Policies to Accelerate Electric Vehicle Adoption, surveys policies including vehicle rebates and tax credits, government fleet mandates, consumer edu...
Resource States and State Governments

Massachusetts’ Act Driving Clean Energy and Offshore Wind

In August 2022, Massachusetts enacted an “Act Driving Clean Energy and Offshore Wind,” which builds on 2019 legislation and helps clarify how the state will meet its climate targets. Key provisions of...
Resource Executive Branch

DOE Database of EV Tax Credits and Incentives

The Department of Energy maintains an online database of electric vehicle tax credits and other incentives offered in different jurisdictions.
Example States and State Governments

Washington State Legislation on EV charging in Common Interest Developments

This 2022 legislation prohibits homeowner and unit owners’ associations from unreasonably restricting the installation or use of electric vehicle charging stations.
Example States and State Governments

Maine’s Electric Vehicle Rebate Fund and Volkswagon Rebate Fund

Maine’s LD 614 established the Electric Vehicle Rebate Fund, a non-lapsing fund administered by trust to provide up to $2,500 in rebates for the purchase on an EV. This law complements a $5.1 million ...
Example States and State Governments

Maryland’s Bi-Directional Charging Law

Maryland’s Distributed Renewable Integration and Vehicle Electrification Act (“DRIVE Act”) creates a bidirectional EV charging program. The program requires the Public Service Commission to put forwar...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Designation of Parking Spaces for Electric Vehicles and Installation of Electric Charging Devices

The LPDD team has prepared a model law on EV parking spaces that requires the installation in public accommodations of electric vehicle charging stations at parking spaces designated for the exclusive...
Example Local Governments

New Orleans EV-Charging Permits on Rights-of-Way

The New Orleans Municipal Code § 146-563 allows EV owners to apply for a permit to install charging infrastructure on a sidewalk, or right-of-way, under certain conditions, in order to encourage EV pu...
Resource Congress

Proposed America’s Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019

The proposed America’s Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019 would direct federal agencies to transition their vehicle fleets to hybrid-electric, electric and alternative fuels within a year of en...
Example Public Utilities

Electric Highway Coalition

The Electric Highway Coalition made a March 2021 announcement that it plans to build one seamless network of chargers from West Texas to the Gulf of Mexico and all the way up the Eastern seaboard. The...
Example Public Utilities

SoCal Edison’s Charge Ready 2 Program

In August 2020, the California PUC approved a $437 million effort to build thousands of electric vehicle chargers, the nation’s largest utility program to expand charging infrastructure. The money wil...
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts’ Clean Energy Grid Legislation

Massachusetts’ S.2967, An Act Promoting a Clean Energy Grid, Advancing Equity, and Protecting Ratepayers, reforms the siting and permitting of clean energy facilities, as well as the gas distribution ...
Example Private Entities

Tesla Aggregates into PG&E’s Emergency Demand Response Program

In June 2022, Tesla and Pacific Gas & Electric launched a program to aggregate the storage in ratepayers’ Tesla Powerwalls to provide emergency power to California’s grid when intense heat drives up d...
Example Public Utilities

National Grid’s Voluntary Time of Use Rate for EVs

National Grid offers its NY customers a voluntary time-of-use rate for charging electric vehicles during the off-peak hours of 11pm to 7am. Most EVs can be programmed to charge during these hours usin...
Example States and State Governments

Tennessee HOV Smart Pass program

The Tennessee HOV Smart Pass program allows eligible hybrid and electric vehicles to use HOV lanes if they apply for and display a decal.
Example Public Utilities

New York’s EV and EV Supply Equipment Proceeding

On April 24, 2018, the New York’s PSC opened this proceeding to consider the role of electric utilities in providing infrastructure and rate designs to accommodate the needs and electricity demands of...
Example Local Governments

Cotati Gas Station Ban

In June 2022, Cotati, California passed this legislation to prohibit new service station facilities that story, convey, or dispense fossil fuels, citywide.
Example States and State Governments

New Mexico’s Advanced Clean Cars and Trucks Rule

In November, New Mexico joined the wave of states approving a version of California’s Advanced Clean Cars rule. The rule calls for 43% of new cars and light-duty trucks delivered to New Mexico to be e...
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts’ Authorization of Utility EV-Related investments

H4781 (2017) authorizes electric utilities to propose EV-related investments to the state’s Department of Public Utilities, and establishes the test that must be used to review any proposed investment...
Example States and State Governments

California’s Bidirectional EV Charging Law

In August, 2024, the California Legislature approved a bill that gives state regulators the authority to implement a first-in-the-nation requirement to make electric vehicles capable of powering homes...
Example Local Governments

Denver EV-Ready Code

Section R-327 of the 2016 Denver Building and Fire Code Amendments provides that for new one- or two-family dwellings with a dedicated garage, the electric load should be designed to allow the residen...
Example Private Entities

General Motors 2035 ZEV Goal

In January 2021, General Motors announced plans to be carbon neutral by 2040 in its global products and operations. As part of that pledge, GM aspires to eliminate tailpipe emissions from new light-du...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey’s Proposed Warehouse and Port Pollution Reduction Act

This bill, introduced in July 2024 in both houses of the New Jersey state legislature, would force owners of warehouses larger than 50,000 square feet to reduce emissions that enter the atmosphere and...
Resource States and State Governments

Vermont Feebate Study

This 2019 study, commissioned by the Vermont legislature, conducts a literature review of different feebate programs around the world, and offers five different alternative program structures for a po...
Example States and State Governments

New Mexico EV Tax Credit

Under HB217 (2020), the New Mexico legislature enacted an electric vehicle tax credit alongside new plug-in vehicle registration fees.
Resource Public Utilities

Arizona Public Service Company’s Demand-Side Management Plan

The Arizona Public Service Company’s 2018 demand side management plan includes a managed charging program that would add up to 100 APS-owned and operated charging stations for workplaces, fleet vehicl...
Example States and State Governments

Colorado Partially Adopts California Clean Car Standard

In October, 2023, Colorado renewed and expanded its mandate for electric vehicles to take over the state new car market in coming years, passing a requirement for EVs to make up 82% of dealer lots by ...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Municipal Ordinance for Using Street Light Poles for Electric Vehicle Charging

The LPDD team proposes a model law to have municipalities use their street light poles to support Level Two electrical vehicle chargers. When municipalities convert street light poles to LED lights, t...
Example States and State Governments

Delaware’s Subsidies for EV Charging Equipment

This Act requires the Director of the Sustainable Energy Utility to administer a program to provide financial assistance to Delaware residents for the cost of purchase and installation of electric veh...
Example States and State Governments

South Carolina’s EV Charging at State Rest Areas

H4732 (2019) requires the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism and the Department of Transportation to undertake certain actions to facilitate the charging of electric vehicles at all state wel...
Resource States and State Governments

Illinois’ Climate and Equitable Jobs Act

This 900-page energy and climate bill, passed in September 2021, covers a variety of subject areas, listed below: On electricity: The bill raises the renewable portfolio standard to require 40 percent...
Resource States and State Governments

Utah’s Workplace Electric Vehicle Charging Funding Assistance Program

Under Utah’s Workplace Electric Vehicle Charging Funding Assistance Program, groups can apply for state funding for electric vehicle charging stations. The state will disperse nearly $5 million total ...
Resource Private Entities

Transportation Electrification Accord

The Transportation Electrification Accord was crafted by NGOs and has now been signed by 50+ vehicle manufacturers, electric utilities, EV infrastructure and technology companies, consumer advocates a...
Example States and State Governments

Hawaii’s Rebates for Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure

In July 2022, Hawaii adopted SB 2570, providing incentives for hydrogen refueling infrastructure. Under the new law, the public utilities commission will administer a zero-emission vehicle fueling sys...
Resource States and State Governments

Maine’s Transportation Equity Legislation

In May 2023, Maryland passed a transportation planning law that requires that equity be considered when State transportation plans, reports, and goals are developed. The Maryland DOT will be required ...
Resource States and State Governments

Hawaii Vehicle-to-Grid Study

The Hawaii Natural Energy Institute partnered with the Florida Solar Energy Center to test commercial Lithium ion battery under Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to Vehicle (G2V) conditions to forecast t...
Resource States and State Governments

Transportation and Climate Initiative

The Transportation and Climate Initiative is a collaboration of the transportation, energy and environment agencies from 12 Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states and Washington, DC, focused on reducing gr...
Example States and State Governments

California’s 100% ZEV by 2035 Regulation

In August 2022, California regulators adopted rules that would ban the sale of new gasoline-powered cars and light trucks by 2035. The rule establishes a year-by-year roadmap so that by 2035 100% of n...
Example Local Governments

Calistoga Gas Station Ban

In December 2021, the City of Calistoga prohibited new gas station land uses in all zoning districts and provided uniform and comprehensive regulations and development standards for modifications, mai...
Resource Congress

Proposed Vehicle Innovation Act of 2017

The proposed Vehicle Innovation Act of 2017 would have strengthened the DOE’s Vehicle Technologies Office, authorizing R&D grants starting at $313.6 million for fiscal year 2018, with a 4% increase ea...
Example States and State Governments

Washington New Building EV Charging Requirements

The Washington Administrative Code 51-50-0427 requires 5% of parking spaces in new buildings to be equipped with EV charging infrastructure, excluding occupancies with fewer than 20 parking spots. The...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Curbside EV Charging and Reserved Parking Ordinance

Electric vehicle owners rely primarily on charging their vehicles at home on a daily basis. However, in some residential neighborhoods, residents do not have the ability to install a charger on their ...
Example States and State Governments

Vermont’s H.942 (2020)

Vermont’s H.942 (2020) details incentive levels and income thresholds for the state’s new Plug-in Electric Vehicle Incentive programs. Anticipating federal stimulus money due to COVID-19, the bill als...
Example States and State Governments

Arizona Statute 28-2416

Under Statute 28-2416, battery-electric vehicles qualify for HOV lanes at any time, regardless of number of passengers, as long as the BEV has a special license plate.
Example Local Governments

L.A. County 100% Electric Bus Fleet Goal

L.A. County Metro’s Council adopted a 2017 motion establishing a goal of a 100% electric transit bus fleet by 2030 and tasking the transportation department with developing a roadmap.
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey Adopts Advanced Clean Cars II

On November 21st, 2023, New Jersey announced that the state will become the latest to adopt California’s Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II) on December 18th. Starting in model year 2027, vehicle manufact...
Example Executive Branch

EPA’s Light Duty Vehicle Emissions Standards for MY 2023-2026

In December 2021, EPA finalized revised national GHG emissions standards for passenger cars and light trucks for Model Years 2023- 2026. The final standards would achieve significant GHG emissions red...
Example States and State Governments

Nevada’s SB 448

In June 2021, Nevada Legislature passed SB448 to invest $100 million in transportation electrification and direct transmission providers to join a Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) by 2030. On ...
Example Congress

Federal EV Tax Credit

The U.S. government provides a federal tax credit of up to $7,500 for those who purchase electric or hybrid vehicles. The government previously provided a tax credit for the qualifying costs of the pu...
Example States and State Governments

Illinois’ Right to Charge Act

Illinois’ SB40 requires new or renovated homes and multi-unit residential buildings to have conduits to charge electric vehicles.
Resource Local Governments

The Zero Emission Vehicle Municipal Handbook

The Zero Emission Vehicle Municipal Handbook (2017), prepared by the Rhode Island Office of Statewide Planning, outlines issues in land use and parking policy related to the integration of EVs. The Ha...
Example Local Governments

San Francisco’s EV Ready Ordinance

San Francisco’s EV Ready Ordinance (2017) requires all new residential and commercial buildings to configure 10% of parking spaces to be “turnkey ready” for an EV charger installation, and an addition...
Example Foreign

French “Bonus/Malus” Feebate Program

France introduced the “bonus/malus” feebate program in 2008, making it one of the only countries to implement a fee and rebate system in conjunction. In 2010, the ICCT claimed that the French feebate ...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State EV Charging Station Rebates

This model state law provides rebates to subsidize the installation of publicly accessible electric vehicle charging equipment. Under the law, the state would provide a one-time payment for the cost o...
Resource Public Utilities

PG&E, GM Pilot Using EVs to Power Homes

In March, 2022, Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) and General Motors (GM) announced a pilot aimed at using electric vehicles as on-demand home power sources in the utility’s Northern California service ar...
Example Public Utilities

Plug-In Austin initiative

Austin Energy’s Plug-In Austin initiative offers rebates for the purchase of home charging stations, electric bikes, as well as charging infrastructure at businesses and multi-family housing developme...
Resource Local Governments

Vermont EV Report

The Vermont Public Utility Commission issued a report that describes ways to promote the ownership and use of EVs in Vermont. The report sets forth extensive recommendations for actions to be taken by...
Example States and State Governments

Washington’s SB 5811

Washington’s SB 5811 adds the state to the group of states supporting the Zero Emission Vehicles standards adopted in California.
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey’s Municipal Redevelopment Charging Stations Legislation

This July 2021 legislation encourages the inclusion of zero-emission vehicle charging and fueling infrastructure in municipal redevelopment projects. This bill makes the construction of publicly avail...
Example States and State Governments

Maryland’s Law Against EV Charging Station Bans in Housing Co-Ops

Maryland’s SB 465 (2024) prohibits the enforcement of rules that limit or prevent the installation and use of EV charging equipment in housing cooperatives, including charging equipment for electric b...
Example States and State Governments

Rhose Island’s Executive Order 15-17

Executive Order 15-17 (2015) requires that, by 2025, 25% of new light-duty state fleet purchases and leases must be zero-emissions vehicles.
Resource States and State Governments

Washington SB 1287

This April 2021 legislation out of Washington requires that all publicly and privately owned passenger and light duty vehicles of model year 2030 or later be electric. To protect highway revenues, thi...
Example States and State Governments

California’s SB 350 and Responsive PUC Decisions

California’s SB 350 (2015) ordered the PUC to direct the state’s six investor-owned electric utilities to file applications for programs that “accelerate widespread transportation electrification.” In...
Example States and State Governments

Delaware’s EV-Capable Parking Requirements

Delaware’s SS1 for SB 103 (2023) requires that newly constructed single-family homes have EV capable parking, and that multi-family residential buildings include EV capable parking and EV charging inf...
Resource States and State Governments

IREC Report, Enabling Equitable Electric Vehicle Shared Mobility Programs

This 2022 report from the Interstate Renewable Energy Council overviews traditional transportation planning, new models of planning that integrate shared mobility, and the role of utilities in equitab...
Example Local Governments

San Carlos EV Charging Density Bonuses

The city of San Carlos provides developers with a density bonus for providing parking with EV charging. Under Section 18.05.030 of the municipal code, developers are allowed to exceed the maximum allo...
Example Public Utilities

Florida Light & Power EV Charging Rate Pilot

On June 19, 2020, Florida Light & Power Company (FPL) initiated a proceeding to petition the Florida Public Service Commission (PSC) for approval of a five-year electric vehicle (EV) charging pilot fo...
Resource Executive Branch

EPA’s Finalized Tailpipe Regulations (2024)

In March 2024, EPA finalized new rules on vehicle emissions for both light- and heavy-duty vehicles that will push the auto industry to accelerate its transition to electric vehicles. For light- and m...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey Bill Requiring Developers To Offer EV Charging

This 2020 New Jersey bill requires a developer to offer to install an electric vehicle (EV) charging station at certain new residential construction when a prospective owner chooses so. They shall inf...
Resource Executive Branch

Report, Climate Reregulation in a Biden Administration

This August 2020 report from the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law charts a course for executive action that, under a new presidential administration, would reverse the deregulatory agenda of the Tr...
Example Local Governments

Seattle Green Fleet Program

Seattle Public Utilities plans to use a fossil fuel-free, primary collection fleet by early 2020. The SPU “Green Fleet” will be made up of close to 200 contractor trucks powered by electricity, renewa...
Resource States and State Governments

AchiEVe Toolkit

AchiEVe: Model Policies to Accelerate Electric Vehicle Adoption, is a national toolkit designed to accelerate the switch to clean, electric vehicles (EVs) in an effective and equitable way by providin...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey Sales Tax Exemption for ZEVs

The New Jersey Sales and Use Tax Act provides a sales and use tax exemption for zero emission vehicles (ZEVs), which are vehicles certified pursuant to the California Air Resources Board zero emission...
Resource Public Utilities

Florida Utilities’ vehicle charging infrastructure program

In a 2017 Order, Florida’s PSC approved an $8 million light-duty vehicle charging infrastructure program.
Example States and State Governments

Hawaii’s SB 2746

Under SB 2746, plug-in electric vehicles are eligible for the HOV lane with the correct license plate displayed.
Example States and State Governments

Florida’s Statute 316-0741

Under Statute 316-0741, plug-in electric vehicles are eligible for most HOV lanes with Florida’s HOV decal.
Example Executive Branch

EO 14057

In December 2021, President Biden signed EO 14057, which orders the U.S. government to be “net-zero” by 2050. EO 14057 directs the federal government to leverage its 300,000 buildings, 600,000 cars an...
Example States and State Governments

New York’s SB 5820

New York’s SB 5820 (2019) requires the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority to study and make recommendations regarding the state’s electric vehicle inventory and improvements to t...
Example States and State Governments

Delaware Adopts Advanced Clean Cars II

Delaware adopted California’s Advanced Clean Cars (ACC II) regulation, effective December 11th, 2023. Starting in model year 2027, vehicle manufacturers are required to sell an increasing number of ze...
Example Local Governments

Sebastopol Gas Station Ban

Passed in April 2022, this ordinance prohibits new fossil fuel service stations as well as the expansion of the fossil fuel infrastructure of existing gasoline / service stations in Sebastopol, Califo...
Resource Congress

Proposed Green Streets Act (2021)

Reintroduced in 2021, the federal GREEN Streets Act would establish standards for emissions and vehicle miles traveled on the national highway system, while requiring states and Metropolitan Planning ...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: EV-Ready Commercial Building Code

This model law would require new or significantly altered commercial, industrial, or multi-family residential buildings to be equipped with the installation of Level 2 electric vehicle supply equipmen...
Example Local Governments

New York’s “City of Yes for Carbon Neutrality” Initiative

The New York City Council approved the “City of Yes for Carbon Neutrality” plan in December 2023, a set of citywide zoning changes making it easier to install a variety of distributed energy resources...
Example States and State Governments

2016 CalGreen Building Code

The 2016 CalGreen Building Code (specifically sections 5.106.5.3 and A5.106.5.3) stipulates a required number of parking spots and EV chargers for parking lots of different sizes. There are also stric...
Resource States and State Governments

Colorado SB 260 (2021)

This omnibus transportation bill includes specific provisions on transportation equity and expanding access to electric vehicles. The bill includes the following: Creates the Community Access Enterpri...
Example Executive Branch

DOE Electric Vehicle Innovation Funding

In 2017, DOE made a collective $5.7M award to Battery500, a consortium of battery companies, to fund 15 projects geared towards developing a battery that costs less than $100/kWh. In 2018, DOE followe...
Example States and State Governments

New York’s 2035 EV Target

In September 2021, New York adopted a law that will require all passenger vehicles sold in the state to be emission-free by 2035. The law will make New York the second state after California to phase ...
Example States and State Governments

California’s Low-Emission Vehicle Program

California’s Low-Emission Vehicle Program (2012) includes emissions standards for both criteria pollutants and GHGs for new passenger vehicles. As of September 2019, the program is threatened by the T...
Example States and State Governments

Virginia’s Transportation Electrification Planning Legislation

This bill requires Virginia’s State Corporation Commission to submit, no later than May 1, 2022, a report to the State’s General Assembly recommending policy proposals that could govern public electri...
Example Public Utilities

ConEd Electric School Bus V2G Demonstration Project

As part of the Reforming the Energy Vision proceeding in New York, Con Edison received approval to launch a demonstration project using electric school bus batteries as grid assets. Con Edison, in par...
Resource Local Governments

Montgomery County MD Electric School Bus Agreement

In February 2021, the Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) Board of Education (Maryland) approved a contract with Highland Electric Transportation, a provider of turnkey electric fleet solutions, t...
Example Local Governments

Salt Lake City Charging Station Policies

Salt Lake City charges no fee to use a number of Level 2 charging stations installed around the city. Level 3 charging stations are subject to a $2.00 fee per charging session plus 21 cents/kWh.
Example Local Governments

NYC Legislative Package on E-Bikes

In March 2023, NYC unveiled a Micromobility Action Plan focused on four key areas: Promoting and incentivizing safe battery use, increasing education and outreach to electric micromobility users, advo...
Example States and State Governments

NY EV Charging Subsidies

New York offers several different programs subsidizing different entities to install EV charging infrastructure, including up to a $5,000 tax credit for public and workplace chargers, $4,000 rebates f...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: Transportation Electrification Statute

This model state law that would cause State PUCs to encourage electric utilities to support the development of the infrastructure needed to charge a dramatically increasing number of EVs. The legislat...
Resource Congress

Proposed CLEAN Future Act (2020)

The proposed Climate Leadership and Environmental Action for our Nation’s (CLEAN) Future Act (2020) is a large, economy-wide climate bill released by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Among ...
Resource States and State Governments

Connecticut’s Proposed Legislation on EV Charging in Common Interest Developments

Connecticut is considering legislation that would grant condo owners and renters the right to install their own car chargers, part of a broader effort to dramatically expand the state’s electric vehic...
Example Public Utilities

San Diego Gas and Electric’s Off-Peak Chargers

In a 2016 Decision, the California PUC approved San Diego Gas and Electric to install 350 EV chargers across the city at a variant rate to encourage owners to charge their vehicles during off-peak hou...
Example Executive Branch

DOE’s Vehicle Technologies Office

The DOE’s Vehicle Technologies Office supports research in a variety of fields relating to electric and hybrid vehicles, including applied battery research.
Resource States and State Governments

North Carolina’s Executive Order 80 (2018)

North Carolina’s Executive Order 80 (2018) directed an increase in the number of registered zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) to at least 80,000 statewide by 2025. The State Department of Transportation w...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Statute Providing Rebates for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations

Emission-free hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) fueled by clean energy-hydrogen could play an important role in the decarbonization of the transportation system in the United States. This is especia...
Resource Local Governments

Petaluma Gas Station Ban

In March 2021, the Petaluma, CA City Council voted unanimously to prohibit the creation, expansion, reconstruction and relocation of gas stations, encouraging owners to transition to stations that ser...
Example Public Utilities

Oregon’s Charging Program for Utility AEP

In a 2018 Order, Ohio’s PUC approved a $10 million light-duty vehicle charging infrastructure program for the utility AEP.
Resource Executive Branch

Report, Fixing Market Failures to Cut Fuel Costs and Pollution from Cars and Trucks

This report analyzes a key issue in U.S. transportation policy: the energy efficiency gap. Economists have long observed that while more fuel-efficient cars and trucks save consumers the most money ov...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Income Tax Credit Legislation For Purchasing Used AFVs

This model state income tax credit legislation is designed to incentivize the purchase of used AFVs, by (i) helping maintain the resale value of AFVs and (ii) making used AFVs more affordable. The mod...
Example States and State Governments

Delaware Law Allowing State-Sponsored EV Charging Equipment

In September 2021, the Delaware legislature adopted this Act to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles in the State by creating more accessible electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Specifica...
Example States and State Governments

California Executive Order on Zero Emissions Vehicles

California’s Governor signed a September 2020 executive order requiring sales of all new passenger vehicles to be zero-emission by 2035 and additional measures to eliminate harmful emissions from the ...
MCLI Resource

LPDD Top Tens: Light-Duty Vehicles

For those in search of a shortcut through the vast LPDD database, we're proud to highlight a subset of our most useful pathways for state and local government leaders on light duty vehicles.
Resource Local Governments

Report, Model State & Local Policies to Accelerate Electric Vehicle Adoption

The Sierra Club’s 2018 report, Model State & Local Policies to Accelerate Electric Vehicle Adoption, surveys policies including vehicle rebates and tax credits, government fleet mandates, consumer edu...
Example Local Governments

Atlanta EV-Readiness Ordinance

Ordinance 17-O-1654 requires all new residential homes and public parking facilities to accommodate EVs. Twenty percent of the spaces in all new commercial and multi-family parking structures and all ...
Example States and State Governments

Maine’s EV Infrastructure Development Legislation

Maine’s LD347 (2021) requires transmission and distribution utilities to submit proposed rate schedules to promote EV infrastructure development and utilization. This bill requires each transmission a...
Example Public Utilities

Exelon’s Clean Fleet Targets

In June 2020, Exelon, which serves approximately 10 million customers through six different utility companies across Delaware, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia...
Resource States and State Governments

Powering Up Californians Act

Facing challenges with the pace of building out the electric grid, California’s SB 410 requires the California Public Utilities Commission set target timelines for utilities to connect and upgrade cus...
Example Executive Branch

Advanced Technologies Vehicle Manufacturing Program

The Advanced Technologies Vehicle Manufacturing Program provides direct loans to automotive or component manufacturers for reequipping, expanding, or establishing manufacturing facilities in the U.S. ...
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts Law Assessing EV Charging Rates

Among the many provisions of Massachusetts 2021 comprehensive transportation bill (H.5248), the state required utilities to study and present alternatives to traditional EV charging rate design. Tradi...
Example States and State Governments

California’s Proposed Bi-Directional Charging Bill

Approved by the State Senate in May 2023, SB 233 would ensure that new electric vehicles sold in California by 2030 have the capability to power the EV’s owner’s home or provide energy to the grid. Wi...
Example States and State Governments

New York’s EV Charging Standards Bill for New Buildings

In March 2025, New York adopted a law directing the state energy conservation construction code to establish new standards for EV infrastructure in new buildings with off-street parking. Starting in 2...
Example Local Governments

Alameda County Municipal Fleet Purchases

Alameda County led a collective purchase of 90 EVs for ten county and municipal public fleets. The aggregate procurement resulted in the purchase of 64 Ford Focus EV sedans at $31,361 per vehicle and ...
Example States and State Governments

California Clean Vehicle Rebate Program

The California Clean Vehicle Rebate Program provides qualifying purchasers up to a $7,000 rebate for the purchase or lease of new zero-emission or plug-in hybrid light duty vehicles.
Example States and State Governments

Arizona Neighborhood Occupantless Electric Vehicle Legislation

Arizona’s SB 1333 (2022) regulates neighborhood occupantless electric vehicles — a self-propelled motor vehicle that: 1) is emission free; 2) has at least four wheels in contact with the ground; and 3...
Example Private Entities

EV & Battery Challenge

The EV & Battery Challenge is a private competition, launched in June 2020, to find startups working on battery and electric vehicle technology, funded by Kia, Hyundai, and LG Chem. The startups will ...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: EV Ready Building Code for One- and Two-Family Homes

To meet the EV penetration goals identified in the LPDD text, every garage or parking structure, be it residential, commercial, or industrial, being built or significantly altered should be designed a...
Example Public Utilities

Duke EV Subscription and Active Management Pilots

As states continue considering new rate designs to incorporate EVs and EV infrastructure at new scales, Duke Energy in North Carolina recently proposed new pilot programs to test a subscription and ac...
Example Local Governments

Oakland EV Charging Ordinance

In December 2016, the City of Oakland passed Ordinance 13408, which was designed to accelerate the installation of vehicle chargers to meet demand. Builders in Oakland are now required to provide at l...
Model Law Congress

LPDD Model Law: Federal Interoperability Provisions for Commercial EV Chargers

One obstacle to the widespread availability of publicly accessible, convenient EV Level 2 charging equipment and DC fast chargers is the inadequate interoperability that currently exists among the var...
Resource Local Governments

Plug-in Electric Vehicle Policy Evaluation Rubric

The National Association of State Energy Officials published a Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Policy Evaluation Rubric, which allows users to evaluate the strength and weaknesses of all PEV-related po...
Example States and State Governments

Washington’s Advanced Clean Truck and ZEV Regulations

In November 2021, Washington State adopted California’s more protective vehicle emission standards for new vehicles – starting with model year 2025 and later. This rulemaking expands Washington’s vehi...
Resource States and State Governments

C2ES Database on Clean Vehicle Policies and Incentives

C2ES maintains a state-by-state database of clean vehicle policies and incentives, containing a general subject matter overview, brief descriptions of state policies, and links to relevant documentati...
Resource States and State Governments

Report, California Feebate: Revenue Neutral Approach to Support Transition Towards More Energy Efficient Vehicles

This 2017 UC Davis report explores the possibility of California imposing fees to less fuel efficient vehicles and smaller rebates to more fuel efficient cars and trucks. The goal of the proposed prog...
Resource Local Governments

GoEVCity Policy Toolkit

The GoEVCity Policy Toolkit is a catalog of local policies, strategies, and programs designed to advance the transition to EVs in Colorado communities. The toolkit takes a holistic approach to the tra...