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Expanding Vehicle Charging and Refueling Infrastructure

MCLI Recommendation: “Congress, the federal government, states, and PUCs should expand financial and other support infrastructure for expanded use of EVs.”

LPDD Recommendation: “The federal government should continue to identify critical corridors for AFVs under the FAST Act to prioritize funding and development.”

LPDD Recommendation: "State governments should allocate funding and institute regulations to incentivize EV charging in residential spaces."  

LPDD Recommendation: "States could encourage service providers and workplace site hosts to install charging stations near them."

LPDD Recommendation: "States should consider providing incentives to encourage owners of multiunit dwellings to add access to electrical outlets in parking areas."

LPDD Recommendation: "State legislatures could request assistance from PUCs in promoting EV infrastructure by including EV charger costs in electric rates."

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83 resources

Example States and State Governments

New Jersey’s Model Statewide Municipal EV Ordinance

In September 2021, New Jersey promulgated a statewide municipal ordinance streamlining the local approval process for installing charging infrastructure. The model ordinance, which provides minimum re...
Resource Local Governments

Local Government Plug-in Electric Vehicle Toolkit

This toolkit from the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency provides an overview of the key considerations for local governments who are seeking to support the deployment of PEV charging infrastructure.
Resource States and State Governments

Report, Getting to 20 Million EVs by 2030: Opportunities for the Electricity Industry in Preparing for an EV Future

This 2020 Brattle Group presentation provides an assessment of the investments needed across the electric power sector to support the deployment of 20 million EVs in the U.S. by 2030 with a focus on E...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey’s S2252 (2020)

New Jersey’s S2252 establishes a Statewide public plug-in electric vehicle charging system. The bill directs a working group of state agencies to develop a Statewide plan for installing at least 600 p...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Tax Credits for EV Charging Stations

This model law would establish a credit against state income tax and further incentivize the development of EV charging infrastructure in the state. The model law provides for different levels of tax ...
Example States and State Governments

Connecticut’s SB 4

In May 2022, Connecticut passed legislation addressing government EV fleets, charging rights, and distributed solar rights. On government fleets, SB4 (2022) sets a requirement for state vehicle fleets...
Example Local Governments

Arcadia’s EV-Ready Ordinance

Arcadia’s Code of Ordinances (2018) provides that in the Site Plan and Design Review process, the responsible Reviewing Authority has authority to require that parking facilities be provided to accomm...
Example Local Governments

Mountlake Terrace EV Infrastructure Building Requirements

Mountlake Terrace’s Municipal Code (2010) requires a minimum percentage of parking spaces be equipped with EV infrastructure on new and improved developments over 10,000 sf. The required percentage of...
Example States and State Governments

Virginia EV-Ready Public Building Code

Virginia adopted EV-Ready building standards for new county, city, town, or school buildings larger than 5,000 square feet.
Model Law Congress

LPDD Model Law: Federal Hydrogen Refueling Station Funding Act

The lack of infrastructure for out-of-state travel is a major impediment to the adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), and there is a need to increase the number of hydrogen fueling stations...
Resource Congress

The Inflation Reduction Act

New: The Sabin Center for Climate Change Law and Environmental Defense Fund are announcing the launch of an additional resource on the Inflation Reduction Act Tracker website: the IRA litigation case ...
Resource Local Governments

Local Government Playbook: How Counties, Cities, and Towns Can Support EV Infrastructure and Leverage Federal Investments

A December 2022 from the Electrification Coalition, a nonpartisan organization that promotes the adoption of EVs, lays out a road map for city and county governments to follow to expand access to elec...
Example Local Governments

Seattle’s Drive Clean Initiative and EV-Ready Codes

Seattle’s Drive Clean Initiative is working to develop a network of off-street charging station clusters, and promote an EV charging pilot program that allows the installation an Electric Vehicle (EV)...
Example States and State Governments

Florida’s SB 7018 (2020)

Florida’s SB 7018 (2020) requires the Florida Department of Transportation, in coordination with the Public Service Commission and the Office of Energy within the Department of Agriculture and Consume...
Example Public Utilities

New York’s Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Make-Ready Program (2020)

In July 2020, the NY Public Service Commission approved a $700 million program funded by electric bills to help build more than 55,000 chargers by paying a portion of the transmission upgrades and sit...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey Law on EV Charging in Common Interest Developments

New Jersey’s A3367 (2020) establishes standards to encourage the installation and use of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in common interest communities. Specifically, the bill prohibits common...
Resource States and State Governments

Rhode Island’s EV Charger Rebate Program

Rhode Island recently launched a new rebate program to encourage the installation of EV charging infrastructure on residential properties. The PowerUpRI initiative will provide the lesser of $700 or 5...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey’s S3223 (2021)

New Jersey’s S3223 (2021) provides that electric vehicle charging infrastructure is an inherently beneficial use pursuant to the “Municipal Land Use Law,” may require minor site plan approval from the...
Resource States and State Governments

California’s AB33 (2021)

In September 2021, the California legislature passed AB33, creating low-interest loans and grants for local governments to install energy storage and zero-emission vehicle infrastructure. The bill req...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: Installation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Common-Interest Developments

This proposed statute seeks to remove and foreclose covenants that restrict modifications needed to install electric vehicle charging stations in common-interest developments, such as condominiums. It...
Model Law Congress

LPDD Model Law: Federal Statute Providing Tax Credits for Hydrogen Refueling Stations

The lack of infrastructure for out-of-state travel is a major impediment to the adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), and there is a need to increase the number of hydrogen fueling stations...
Example Public Utilities

Oregon’s Charging Program for Utility PacifiCorp

In 2018, the Orgeon PUC adopted a stipulation for PacifiCorp to conduct three pilot programs through 2019 and to develop a cost-effectiveness framework and pilot study on the potential system impacts ...
Resource Executive Branch

DOE’s EV Readiness Scorecard and Tools

DOE’s Vehicle Technologies Office houses EV Readiness Scorecard tools, designed to help estimate how much charging infrastructure a locality might need, determine how much exists now, and calculate th...
Resource Public Utilities

ACEEE Report: Utility Transportation Electrification Planning – Emerging Practices to Support EV Deployment

In September 2022, ACEEE published a report on state transportation planning, highlighting practices to support increased EV deployment. As some states require utilities to submit comprehensive plans ...
Example States and State Governments

Delaware’s Requirement for Curbside Charging Procedures in Municipalities

In June 2022, Delaware enacted a law that requires municipalities with a population over 30,000 to develop a procedure to obtain permission for the installation of an electric vehicle charging station...
Example States and State Governments

Hawaii’s Revised Statutes § 196-7.5

Hawaii’s Revised Statutes § 196-7.5 prohibits multi-unit dwellings from preventing a unit owner from placing an EV charging system on or near the owner’s parking stall.
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Local Ordinance Expediting Permitting for EV Charging Stations

Permitting decisions for EV charging stations are made at the local level, and there is tremendous variation in the levels of expertise and experience among the local authorities having jurisdiction (...
Example States and State Governments

Utah EV Charging Legislation (2020)

In 2020, Utah passed multiple important pieces of legislation to move ahead on vehicle electrification, including HB 259, which calls on the state transportation agency to develop a statewide plan for...
Example Public Utilities

Proposed California EV Charger Deployment Rules

Facing a potential gap in the number of installed electric vehicle chargers needed to meet the state’s clean transportation goals, the California Public Utilities Commission released proposed rules to...
Resource Congress

Proposed America’s Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019

The proposed America’s Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019 would earmark $1 billion in funding for competitive grants to support the development of fueling infrastructure for electric, natural g...
Resource Local Governments

Sierra Club Model State and Local Policies to Accelerate Electric Vehicle Adoption

The Sierra Club’s 2018 report, Model State & Local Policies to Accelerate Electric Vehicle Adoption, surveys policies including vehicle rebates and tax credits, government fleet mandates, consumer edu...
Resource States and State Governments

Massachusetts’ Act Driving Clean Energy and Offshore Wind

In August 2022, Massachusetts enacted an “Act Driving Clean Energy and Offshore Wind,” which builds on 2019 legislation and helps clarify how the state will meet its climate targets. Key provisions of...
Example States and State Governments

Washington State Legislation on EV charging in Common Interest Developments

This 2022 legislation prohibits homeowner and unit owners’ associations from unreasonably restricting the installation or use of electric vehicle charging stations.
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Designation of Parking Spaces for Electric Vehicles and Installation of Electric Charging Devices

The LPDD team has prepared a model law on EV parking spaces that requires the installation in public accommodations of electric vehicle charging stations at parking spaces designated for the exclusive...
Example Local Governments

New Orleans EV-Charging Permits on Rights-of-Way

The New Orleans Municipal Code § 146-563 allows EV owners to apply for a permit to install charging infrastructure on a sidewalk, or right-of-way, under certain conditions, in order to encourage EV pu...
Example Public Utilities

Electric Highway Coalition

The Electric Highway Coalition made a March 2021 announcement that it plans to build one seamless network of chargers from West Texas to the Gulf of Mexico and all the way up the Eastern seaboard. The...
Example Public Utilities

SoCal Edison’s Charge Ready 2 Program

In August 2020, the California PUC approved a $437 million effort to build thousands of electric vehicle chargers, the nation’s largest utility program to expand charging infrastructure. The money wil...
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts’ Clean Energy Grid Legislation

Massachusetts’ S.2967, An Act Promoting a Clean Energy Grid, Advancing Equity, and Protecting Ratepayers, reforms the siting and permitting of clean energy facilities, as well as the gas distribution ...
Example Public Utilities

New York’s EV and EV Supply Equipment Proceeding

On April 24, 2018, the New York’s PSC opened this proceeding to consider the role of electric utilities in providing infrastructure and rate designs to accommodate the needs and electricity demands of...
Example States and State Governments

Massachusetts’ Authorization of Utility EV-Related investments

H4781 (2017) authorizes electric utilities to propose EV-related investments to the state’s Department of Public Utilities, and establishes the test that must be used to review any proposed investment...
Example Local Governments

Denver EV-Ready Code

Section R-327 of the 2016 Denver Building and Fire Code Amendments provides that for new one- or two-family dwellings with a dedicated garage, the electric load should be designed to allow the residen...
Resource Public Utilities

Arizona Public Service Company’s Demand-Side Management Plan

The Arizona Public Service Company’s 2018 demand side management plan includes a managed charging program that would add up to 100 APS-owned and operated charging stations for workplaces, fleet vehicl...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Municipal Ordinance for Using Street Light Poles for Electric Vehicle Charging

The LPDD team proposes a model law to have municipalities use their street light poles to support Level Two electrical vehicle chargers. When municipalities convert street light poles to LED lights, t...
Example States and State Governments

South Carolina’s EV Charging at State Rest Areas

H4732 (2019) requires the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism and the Department of Transportation to undertake certain actions to facilitate the charging of electric vehicles at all state wel...
Resource States and State Governments

Utah’s Workplace Electric Vehicle Charging Funding Assistance Program

Under Utah’s Workplace Electric Vehicle Charging Funding Assistance Program, groups can apply for state funding for electric vehicle charging stations. The state will disperse nearly $5 million total ...
Resource Private Entities

Transportation Electrification Accord

The Transportation Electrification Accord was crafted by NGOs and has now been signed by 50+ vehicle manufacturers, electric utilities, EV infrastructure and technology companies, consumer advocates a...
Example States and State Governments

Hawaii’s Rebates for Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure

In July 2022, Hawaii adopted SB 2570, providing incentives for hydrogen refueling infrastructure. Under the new law, the public utilities commission will administer a zero-emission vehicle fueling sys...
Example States and State Governments

Washington New Building EV Charging Requirements

The Washington Administrative Code 51-50-0427 requires 5% of parking spaces in new buildings to be equipped with EV charging infrastructure, excluding occupancies with fewer than 20 parking spots. The...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: Curbside EV Charging and Reserved Parking Ordinance

Electric vehicle owners rely primarily on charging their vehicles at home on a daily basis. However, in some residential neighborhoods, residents do not have the ability to install a charger on their ...
Example States and State Governments

Vermont’s H.942 (2020)

Vermont’s H.942 (2020) details incentive levels and income thresholds for the state’s new Plug-in Electric Vehicle Incentive programs. Anticipating federal stimulus money due to COVID-19, the bill als...
Example States and State Governments

Nevada’s SB 448

In June 2021, Nevada Legislature passed SB448 to invest $100 million in transportation electrification and direct transmission providers to join a Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) by 2030. On ...
Example States and State Governments

Illinois’ Right to Charge Act

Illinois’ SB40 requires new or renovated homes and multi-unit residential buildings to have conduits to charge electric vehicles.
Example Local Governments

San Francisco’s EV Ready Ordinance

San Francisco’s EV Ready Ordinance (2017) requires all new residential and commercial buildings to configure 10% of parking spaces to be “turnkey ready” for an EV charger installation, and an addition...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State EV Charging Station Rebates

This model state law provides rebates to subsidize the installation of publicly accessible electric vehicle charging equipment. Under the law, the state would provide a one-time payment for the cost o...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey’s Municipal Redevelopment Charging Stations Legislation

This July 2021 legislation encourages the inclusion of zero-emission vehicle charging and fueling infrastructure in municipal redevelopment projects. This bill makes the construction of publicly avail...
Example States and State Governments

Maryland’s Law Against EV Charging Station Bans in Housing Co-Ops

Maryland’s SB 465 (2024) prohibits the enforcement of rules that limit or prevent the installation and use of EV charging equipment in housing cooperatives, including charging equipment for electric b...
Resource States and State Governments

Washington SB 1287

This April 2021 legislation out of Washington requires that all publicly and privately owned passenger and light duty vehicles of model year 2030 or later be electric. To protect highway revenues, thi...
Example States and State Governments

California’s SB 350 and Responsive PUC Decisions

California’s SB 350 (2015) ordered the PUC to direct the state’s six investor-owned electric utilities to file applications for programs that “accelerate widespread transportation electrification.” In...
Example States and State Governments

Delaware’s EV-Capable Parking Requirements

Delaware’s SS1 for SB 103 (2023) requires that newly constructed single-family homes have EV capable parking, and that multi-family residential buildings include EV capable parking and EV charging inf...
Example Local Governments

San Carlos EV Charging Density Bonuses

The city of San Carlos provides developers with a density bonus for providing parking with EV charging. Under Section 18.05.030 of the municipal code, developers are allowed to exceed the maximum allo...
Example States and State Governments

New Jersey Bill Requiring Developers To Offer EV Charging

This 2020 New Jersey bill requires a developer to offer to install an electric vehicle (EV) charging station at certain new residential construction when a prospective owner chooses so. They shall inf...
Resource Public Utilities

Florida Utilities’ vehicle charging infrastructure program

In a 2017 Order, Florida’s PSC approved an $8 million light-duty vehicle charging infrastructure program.
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: EV-Ready Commercial Building Code

This model law would require new or significantly altered commercial, industrial, or multi-family residential buildings to be equipped with the installation of Level 2 electric vehicle supply equipmen...
Example Local Governments

New York’s “City of Yes for Carbon Neutrality” Initiative

The New York City Council approved the “City of Yes for Carbon Neutrality” plan in December 2023, a set of citywide zoning changes making it easier to install a variety of distributed energy resources...
Example States and State Governments

2016 CalGreen Building Code

The 2016 CalGreen Building Code (specifically sections 5.106.5.3 and A5.106.5.3) stipulates a required number of parking spots and EV chargers for parking lots of different sizes. There are also stric...
Resource States and State Governments

Colorado SB 260 (2021)

This omnibus transportation bill includes specific provisions on transportation equity and expanding access to electric vehicles. The bill includes the following: Creates the Community Access Enterpri...
Example States and State Governments

Virginia’s Transportation Electrification Planning Legislation

This bill requires Virginia’s State Corporation Commission to submit, no later than May 1, 2022, a report to the State’s General Assembly recommending policy proposals that could govern public electri...
Example Local Governments

Salt Lake City Charging Station Policies

Salt Lake City charges no fee to use a number of Level 2 charging stations installed around the city. Level 3 charging stations are subject to a $2.00 fee per charging session plus 21 cents/kWh.
Example States and State Governments

NY EV Charging Subsidies

New York offers several different programs subsidizing different entities to install EV charging infrastructure, including up to a $5,000 tax credit for public and workplace chargers, $4,000 rebates f...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: Transportation Electrification Statute

This model state law that would cause State PUCs to encourage electric utilities to support the development of the infrastructure needed to charge a dramatically increasing number of EVs. The legislat...
Resource Congress

Proposed CLEAN Future Act (2020)

The proposed Climate Leadership and Environmental Action for our Nation’s (CLEAN) Future Act (2020) is a large, economy-wide climate bill released by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Among ...
Resource States and State Governments

Connecticut’s Proposed Legislation on EV Charging in Common Interest Developments

Connecticut is considering legislation that would grant condo owners and renters the right to install their own car chargers, part of a broader effort to dramatically expand the state’s electric vehic...
Model Law States and State Governments

LPDD Model Law: State Statute Providing Rebates for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations

Emission-free hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) fueled by clean energy-hydrogen could play an important role in the decarbonization of the transportation system in the United States. This is especia...
Example Public Utilities

Oregon’s Charging Program for Utility AEP

In a 2018 Order, Ohio’s PUC approved a $10 million light-duty vehicle charging infrastructure program for the utility AEP.
Example States and State Governments

Delaware Law Allowing State-Sponsored EV Charging Equipment

In September 2021, the Delaware legislature adopted this Act to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles in the State by creating more accessible electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Specifica...
Example Local Governments

Atlanta EV-Readiness Ordinance

Ordinance 17-O-1654 requires all new residential homes and public parking facilities to accommodate EVs. Twenty percent of the spaces in all new commercial and multi-family parking structures and all ...
Example States and State Governments

Maine’s EV Infrastructure Development Legislation

Maine’s LD347 (2021) requires transmission and distribution utilities to submit proposed rate schedules to promote EV infrastructure development and utilization. This bill requires each transmission a...
Resource States and State Governments

Powering Up Californians Act

Facing challenges with the pace of building out the electric grid, California’s SB 410 requires the California Public Utilities Commission set target timelines for utilities to connect and upgrade cus...
Example States and State Governments

New York’s EV Charging Standards Bill for New Buildings

In March 2025, New York adopted a law directing the state energy conservation construction code to establish new standards for EV infrastructure in new buildings with off-street parking. Starting in 2...
Model Law Local Governments

LPDD Model Law: EV Ready Building Code for One- and Two-Family Homes

To meet the EV penetration goals identified in the LPDD text, every garage or parking structure, be it residential, commercial, or industrial, being built or significantly altered should be designed a...
Example Local Governments

Oakland EV Charging Ordinance

In December 2016, the City of Oakland passed Ordinance 13408, which was designed to accelerate the installation of vehicle chargers to meet demand. Builders in Oakland are now required to provide at l...
Model Law Congress

LPDD Model Law: Federal Interoperability Provisions for Commercial EV Chargers

One obstacle to the widespread availability of publicly accessible, convenient EV Level 2 charging equipment and DC fast chargers is the inadequate interoperability that currently exists among the var...
Resource Local Governments

GoEVCity Policy Toolkit

The GoEVCity Policy Toolkit is a catalog of local policies, strategies, and programs designed to advance the transition to EVs in Colorado communities. The toolkit takes a holistic approach to the tra...