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Using Land Use Policy to Diminish Vehicle Miles Traveled

MCLI Recommendation: “Localities should alter or eliminate sprawl-inducing zoning provisions, such as minimum lot and house sizes, setback requirements, and the strict separation of certain land uses. Localities should also review parking requirements that subsidize driving by mandating excessive amounts of free parking.”

LPDD Recommendation: “Localities should adopt measures to promote infill development, renovation of existing buildings, and the redevelopment of declining or abandoned commercial areas. These measures include offering loans, rehabilitation tax credits, and expedited approval processes, revamping zoning and building code requirements, and investing in infrastructure.”

LPDD Recommendation: “Federal and state laws should be revised to foster infill, renovation, and redevelopment through measures such as rehabilitation tax credits, funding technical assistance, and by directing infrastructure spending to existing communities.”

LPDD Recommendation: “Localities should increase permissible density, streamline project approval, and reduce parking requirements for transit-oriented development.”

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22 resources

Example Local Governments

Minneapolis 2040 Plan

The Minneapolis 2040 plan approved by their City Council in 2018 will upzone nearly the entire city, allowing taller buildings with more units, eliminate off-street parking requirements throughout the...

Example Local Governments

Oakland Home Occupation Zoning

Oakland’s Planning Code allows both live/work and work/live units, depending on whether the primary use is residential or nonresidential. These units are permitted within the mixed-use districts and m...

Example Local Governments

St. Anthony ID’s Mixed Use Zoning

St. Anthony’s municipal code allows mixed-use zones to provide for commercial aspects in neighborhood centers. Mixed-use districts are divided into low and moderate intensity, depending on the degree ...

Example Local Governments

Los Angeles’ Transit-Oriented Districts

Los Angeles’ Code of Ordinances encourages affordable housing within transit-oriented districts by providing developers with height, density, and parking flexibility. The City has promulgated technica...

Example States and State Governments

Colorado EO on Aligning Housing Policy with Climate Goals

An August 2023 Executive Order out of Colorado declares that it is state policy to align Colorado’s population growth with climate, water and other goals by reducing sprawl, encouraging denser communi...

Example States and State Governments

Colorado Law on Housing Density Near Transit

Colorado’s HB 1313 (2024) defines “transit-oriented communities,” and encourages the development of more housing near transit and commercial centers by requiring these urban communities to set housing...

Example Local Governments

Mount Dora FL’s Mixed-Use Transitional Zoning

Mount Dora’s Land Use Development Code establishes mixed-use transitional districts and a mixed-use downtown district to encourage a pedestrian environment and reduce automobile trips.

Resource Local Governments

Model Transit-Oriented District Overlay Zoning Ordinance

Community Design + Architecture Inc. has developed a Model Transit-Oriented District Overlay Zoning Ordinance to assist jurisdictions in development of Transit-Oriented District codes.

Example Local Governments

Chicago Transit-Serving Zoning Incentives

Chicago’s Zoning Code provides incentives for transit-served locations, which encourages developments within a specified radius of a transit hub by offering developers incentives, including the allowa...

Example Local Governments

Wheat Ride CO Mixed-Use Zoning

Wheat Ridge’s Code of Ordinances establishes a mixed-use commercial zone district, designed to encourage medium to high density mixed use development, and a mixed-use neighborhood district, designed t...

Example Local Governments

Madison’s Mixed-Use Zoning

Madison’s Code of Ordinances establishes several mixed-use districts, including a “limited mixed-use district” that allows for particularly small scale commercial development in residential areas.

Resource Local Governments

Urban Land Institute Reports: Growing Cooler, Moving Cooler

The Urban Land Institute published an analysis in 2007 titled Growing Cooler: The Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change, concluding that more compact development can decrease driving rates ...

Example Local Governments

Baltimore’s Mixed-Use Zoning

Baltimore’s zoning code was updated in 2017 to include mixed-use zoning districts. For example, an industrial mixed-use zoning districts may encourage the reuse of older buildings for light industrial...

Example Local Governments

Charlotte Unified Development Ordinance

Charlotte is implementing a long-range plan that includes investing in light rail and bus rapid transit projects in five corridors, revising local land use provisions to guide growth, and providing in...

Example Local Governments

Portland’s Walkable Communities Initiatives

In recent decades, Portland’s efforts to coordinate transportation investments and land use policies has resulted in a range of travel options, a revitalized downtown, and walkable, transit-oriented c...

Example Local Governments

Bloomington MN’s Mixed-Use Zoning in Transit-Oriented Districts

Bloomington’s zoning code promotes mixed-use areas close to transit services, combining elements of both minimum requirements and incentive-based development practices. The ordinance requires that onl...

Resource Local Governments

Sustainable Land Use Code Project’s 2014 Model Land Use Regulations

The Sustainable Land Use Code Project’s 2014 Model Land Use Regulations includes a model transit-oriented development code, showing how to create subdistricts, mandate pedestrian frontage, use standar...

Example Local Governments

San Francisco’s Live/Work Units Zoning

San Francisco’s municipal code allows live/work units where at least fifty percent of total floor area is used for work activities and there are two or fewer non-resident employees.

Example Local Governments

Grand Rapids Home Occupation Zoning

Grand Rapids zoning code permits home occupations with a focus on preserving the character of the neighborhood and the residential quality of the home. Grand Rapids also permits live/work units on “re...

Example Local Governments

Sunnyvale’s Live/Work Unit Zoning

Sunnyvale’s Zoning Code permits live/work units in mixed use combining districts so long as no portion of the unit is rented or sold separately.

Example Local Governments

El Paso Live-Work Flex Units Zoning

El Paso’s code of ordinances allows live-work flex units divided into two categories: restricted-only units for artisans or professionals with no more than one employee and two customers at any time; ...

Example Local Governments

California’s Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Law

California’s Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Law (S.B. 375) requires MPOs to prepare strategies to meet GHG targets, and requires each MPO to develop a sustainable communities strategy ...